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Superfluid vacuum theory (SVT) is an approach in theoretical physics and quantum mechanics where the physical vacuum is viewed as superfluid. [citation needed] The ultimate goal of the approach is to develop scientific models that unify quantum mechanics (describing three of the four known fundamental interactions) with gravity.
For example, d-wave or triplet superconductor, or a Fulde–Ferrell–Larkin–Ovchinnikov superconductor. Ferromagnetic superconductor: Materials that display intrinsic coexistence of ferromagnetism and superconductivity. Charge-4e superconductor: A proposed state in which electrons are not bound as Cooper pairs but as quadruplets of electrons.
Fermionic condensates are attained at lower temperatures than Bose–Einstein condensates. Fermionic condensates are a type of superfluid.As the name suggests, a superfluid possesses fluid properties similar to those possessed by ordinary liquids and gases, such as the lack of a definite shape and the ability to flow in response to applied forces.
Close to absolute zero, some liquids form a second liquid state described as superfluid because it has zero viscosity (or infinite fluidity; i.e., flowing without friction). This was discovered in 1937 for helium , which forms a superfluid below the lambda temperature of 2.17 K (−270.98 °C; −455.76 °F).
Recently [timeframe?] in the field of chemistry, superfluid helium-4 has been successfully used in spectroscopic techniques as a quantum solvent.Referred to as superfluid helium droplet spectroscopy (SHeDS), it is of great interest in studies of gas molecules, as a single molecule solvated in a superfluid medium allows a molecule to have effective rotational freedom, allowing it to behave ...
These are used to explore the transition between a superfluid and a Mott insulator. [60] They are also useful in studying Bose–Einstein condensation in fewer than three dimensions, for example the Lieb–Liniger model (an the limit of strong interactions, the Tonks–Girardeau gas) in 1D and the Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless transition ...
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Liquid helium is a physical state of helium at very low temperatures at standard atmospheric pressures.Liquid helium may show superfluidity.. At standard pressure, the chemical element helium exists in a liquid form only at the extremely low temperature of −269 °C (−452.20 °F; 4.15 K).