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The achilles tendon, tendo calcaneus attaches distally to the calcaneual tuberosity, and arises superiorly from the triceps surae complex of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. Achilles tendon at foetus. The Achilles tendon connects muscle to bone, like other tendons, and is located at the back of the lower
Image Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Main Action ! Gastrocnemius: Lateral head: lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur Medial head: popliteal surface of femur; superior to medial condyle: Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon: Tibial nerve (S1, S2)
The muscles within the calf correspond to the posterior compartment of the leg. The two largest muscles within this compartment are known together as the calf muscle and attach to the heel via the Achilles tendon. Several other, smaller muscles attach to the knee, the ankle, and via long tendons to the toes.
Image Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Main Action Fibularis longus: Head and superior two thirds of lateral surface of fibula: Base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform: Superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2) Everts foot and weakly plantarflexes ankle Fibularis brevis: Inferior two thirds of lateral surface of fibula
The Achilles reflex checks if the S 1 and S 2 [3] nerve roots are intact and could be indicative of sciatic nerve pathology. It is classically delayed in hypothyroidism. This reflex is usually absent in disk herniations at the L 5 —S 1 level. A reduction in the ankle jerk reflex may also be indicative of peripheral neuropathy.
The plantaris muscle and a portion of its tendon run between the two muscles, which is involved in "locking" the knee from the standing position. Since the anterior compartment of the leg is lateral to the tibia, the bulge of muscle medial to the tibia on the anterior side is actually the posterior compartment. The soleus is superficial to the ...
The calcaneus is also modified, forming a heel for the attachment of the Achilles tendon. Neither of these adaptations is found in reptiles, which have a relatively simple structure to both bones. [3] The fifth distal tarsal disappears relatively early in evolution, with the remainder becoming the cuneiform and cuboid bones.
The posterior tibial artery pulse can be readily palpated halfway between the posterior border of the medial malleolus and the Achilles tendon. [1] It is often examined by clinicians when assessing a patient for peripheral vascular disease. It is very rarely absent in young and healthy individuals. [3]