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An initial "ch" (which only appears in loaned and dialectical words) may be pronounced [k] (common in southern varieties), [ʃ] (common in western varieties) or [ç] (common in northern and western varieties). It is always pronounced [k] when followed by l or r, as in Chlor (chlorine) or Christus (Christ).
Final is in Group a or is a direct combination of: i+Group a final; u+Group a final; ü+Group a final; Final of i, u, ü group is a modified combination of: i+Group a final; u+Group a final; ü+Group a final; syllable is direct combination of initial and final (or follows rules for no-initial syllables outlined at the top of the page)
Each syllable in a cell is composed of an initial (columns) and a final (rows). An empty cell indicates that the corresponding syllable does not exist in Standard Chinese. Finals are grouped into subsets ㄚ, ㄧ, ㄨ and ㄩ. The ㄧ, ㄨ and ㄩ groupings indicate a combination of those finals with finals from Group ㄚ.
Initials are initial consonants, whereas finals are all possible combinations of medials (semivowels coming before the vowel), a nucleus vowel, and coda (final vowel or consonant). Diacritics are used to indicate the four tones found in Standard Chinese, though these are often omitted in various contexts, such as when spelling Chinese names in ...
Final is in Group a or is a direct combination of: i+Group a final; u+Group a final; ü+Group a final; Final of i, u, ü groups is a modified combination of: i+Group a final; u+Group a final; ü+Group a final; syllable is direct combination of initial and final (or follows rules for no-initial syllables outlined at the top of the page)
Korean consonants have three principal positional allophones: initial, medial (voiced), and final (checked). The initial form is found at the beginning of phonological words. The medial form is found in voiced environments, intervocalically (immediately between vowels), and after a voiced consonant such as n or l.
Other instances of consonantal prothesis before word-initial vowels occur, but are rare. ł can sometimes be lost when at the end of a consonant cluster or intervocalically. -ść, -źć shifts to just -ś, -ź. n before a velar assimaltes and realized as [ŋ]. ch- in a consonant cluster can shift to k-, and kt- shifts to cht-. strz, trz, zdrz ...
Final -ch often shifts to -k. and medial -ch- in some clusters as well. Initial chr- shifts to kr-. The clusters trz, drz shift to cz, dż. The group sł- can shift to sw-. Intervocalic ł is sometimes lost. Palatal consonants are often preceded or replaced by -j-. Near Tarnów, a shift of chw- > f- can sometimes be found.