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The content of each of these examinations includes 13% on ethics and professional standards. A certain level of practical experience is also required before obtaining the certificate. [2] After obtaining the Certificate, Certificate-holders are required to engage in continuing education, and to file a Professional Conduct Statement (PCS) annually.
During the period 2010–2021, pass rates for Levels 1-3 ranged from 22-56%. [11] The CFA Level 1 examination in May 2021 and July 2021 made news headlines after plummeting to a record-low pass rate of 25% and 22%, respectively, [12] [13] [14] and in August 2021, the level 2 pass rate fell to 29%. [15]
Following is a partial list of professional certifications in financial services, with an overview of the educational and continuing requirements for each; see Professional certification § Accountancy, auditing and finance and Category:Professional certification in finance for all articles.
In 1962, the Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) designation and code of conduct were established. In 1963, the profession was formalized when 284 candidates sat for the first CFA exam and 268 CFA charters were awarded. [9] [10] The following year, all 3 levels of the exam were administered to more than 1,700 candidates. [8]
The July 2022 publication (the 68th edition) of the "Journal Quality List", a compilation of ten global ranking surveys of academic journals in the fields of Economics, Finance, Accounting, Management, and Marketing, showed that the Financial Analysts Journal was ranked at the highest or second-highest grade by almost all surveys. [8]
Different academic publishers have widely varying levels of fees, from under $100 to over $5000, and even sometimes as high as €9500 ($10851) for the journal Nature. [1] [15] [16] [17] Meanwhile, an independent study indicated that the actual costs of efficiently publishing a scholarly article should be in the region of €200–€1000. [18]
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CFAs are employed only because of their course contents and rigor of the CFA program, [6] which is the only reason they have got market acceptance with very few qualifying as CFAs every year. ICFAI has very few CFA charter holders, compared to other professionals and hence they don't have a large and established presence in the Indian job market.