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  2. List of cognitive biases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases

    Confirmation bias is the tendency to search for, interpret, focus on and remember information in a way that confirms one's preconceptions. [31] There are multiple other cognitive biases which involve or are types of confirmation bias: Backfire effect, a tendency to react to disconfirming evidence by strengthening one's previous beliefs. [32]

  3. Confirmation bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confirmation_bias

    Unconscious cognitive bias (including confirmation bias) in job recruitment affects hiring decisions and can potentially prohibit a diverse and inclusive workplace. There are a variety of unconscious biases that affects recruitment decisions but confirmation bias is one of the major ones, especially during the interview stage. [134]

  4. Observer-expectancy effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observer-expectancy_effect

    The observer-expectancy effect [a] is a form of reactivity in which a researcher's cognitive bias causes them to subconsciously influence the participants of an experiment. Confirmation bias can lead to the experimenter interpreting results incorrectly because of the tendency to look for information that conforms to their hypothesis, and ...

  5. Cognitive bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_bias

    Participants in experiments who watched training videos and played debiasing games showed medium to large reductions both immediately and up to three months later in the extent to which they exhibited susceptibility to six cognitive biases: anchoring, bias blind spot, confirmation bias, fundamental attribution error, projection bias, and ...

  6. Observer bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observer_bias

    Another key example of observer bias is a 1963 study, "Psychology of the Scientist: V. Three Experiments in Experimenter Bias", [9] published by researchers Robert Rosenthal and Kermit L. Fode at the University of North Dakota. In this study, Rosenthal and Fode gave a group of twelve psychology students a total of sixty rats to run in some ...

  7. Selective exposure theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_exposure_theory

    Selective exposure is a theory within the practice of psychology, often used in media and communication research, that historically refers to individuals' tendency to favor information which reinforces their pre-existing views while avoiding contradictory information.

  8. Selection bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selection_bias

    Selection bias is the bias introduced by the selection of individuals, groups, or data for analysis in such a way that proper randomization is not achieved, thereby failing to ensure that the sample obtained is representative of the population intended to be analyzed. [1] It is sometimes referred to as the selection effect.

  9. Experimenter's regress - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimenter's_regress

    The scientist, in other words, has to get the right answer in order to know that the experiment is working, or know that the experiment is working to get the right answer. Experimenter's regress occurs at the "research frontier" where the outcome of research is uncertain, for the scientist is dealing with "novel phenomena".