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The production of "clean" 233 U, low in 232 U, requires a few factors: 1) obtaining a relatively pure 232 Th source, low in 230 Th (which also transmutes to 232 U), 2) moderating the incident neutrons to have an energy not higher that 6 MeV (too-high energy neutrons cause the 232 Th (n,2n) → 231 Th reaction) and 3) removing the thorium sample ...
Alpha emission: the decay energy is 5.2 MeV and the decay product is protactinium-231. Electron capture : the decay energy is 0.125 MeV and the decay product is uranium-235 This isotope of neptunium has a weight of 235.044 063 3 u.
The most stable isotope is 231 Pa with a half-life of 32,760 years, 233 Pa with a half-life of 26.967 days, and 230 Pa with a half-life of 17.4 days. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives less than 1.6 days, and the majority of these have half-lives less than 1.8 seconds.
Two radiometric dating methods involve thorium isotopes: uranium–thorium dating, based on the decay of 234 U to 230 Th, and ionium–thorium dating, which measures the ratio of 232 Th to 230 Th. [e] These rely on the fact that 232 Th is a primordial radioisotope, but 230 Th only occurs as an intermediate decay product in the decay chain of ...
Protactinium-231 arises naturally from the decay of natural uranium-235, and artificially in nuclear reactors by the reaction 232 Th + n → 231 Th + 2n and the subsequent beta decay of 231 Th. It was once thought to be able to support a nuclear chain reaction, which could in principle be used to build nuclear weapons ; the physicist Walter ...
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HAVANA (Reuters) - Cubans still reeling from months of hours-long blackouts now have a new problem on their hands: fuel shortages. Many gas stations across the island have been shuttered for days ...
In chemistry, the molar mass (M) (sometimes called molecular weight or formula weight, but see related quantities for usage) of a chemical compound is defined as the ratio between the mass and the amount of substance (measured in moles) of any sample of the compound. [1] The molar mass is a bulk, not molecular, property of a substance.