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  2. Crystal growth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_growth

    Crystal growth is a major stage of a crystallization process, and consists of the addition of new atoms, ions, or polymer strings into the characteristic arrangement ...

  3. Vapor–liquid–solid method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vapor–liquid–solid_method

    The growth of a crystal through direct adsorption of a gas phase on to a solid surface is generally very slow. The VLS mechanism circumvents this by introducing a catalytic liquid alloy phase which can rapidly adsorb a vapor to supersaturation levels, and from which crystal growth can subsequently occur from nucleated seeds at the liquid ...

  4. Kyropoulos method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyropoulos_method

    The Kyropoulos method, also known as the KY method or Kyropoulos technique, is a method of bulk crystal growth used to obtain single crystals.. The largest application of the Kyropoulos method is to grow large boules of single crystal sapphire used to produce substrates for the manufacture gallium nitride-based LEDs, and as a durable optical material.

  5. Crystallization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallization

    Time-lapse of growth of a citric acid crystal. The video covers an area of 2.0 by 1.5 mm and was captured over 7.2 min. The crystallization process consists of two major events, nucleation and crystal growth which are driven by thermodynamic properties as well as chemical properties.

  6. Nucleation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleation

    This is the formation of nuclei of a new crystal directly caused by pre-existing crystals. [15] For example, if the crystals are in a solution and the system is subject to shearing forces, small crystal nuclei could be sheared off a growing crystal, thus increasing the number of crystals in the system.

  7. Flux method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flux_method

    The flux method is a crystal growth method where starting materials are dissolved in a solvent (flux), and are precipitated out to form crystals of a desired compound. The flux lowers the melting point of the desired compound, analogous to a wet chemistry recrystallization. [1]

  8. Shaping processes in crystal growth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaping_processes_in...

    Shaping processes in crystal growth are a collection of techniques for growing bulk crystals of a defined shape from a melt, usually by constraining the shape of the liquid meniscus by means of a mechanical shaper. Crystals are commonly grown as fibers, solid cylinders, hollow cylinders (or tubes), and sheets (or plates).

  9. Crystal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal

    A crystal's crystallographic forms are sets of possible faces of the crystal that are related by one of the symmetries of the crystal. For example, crystals of galena often take the shape of cubes, and the six faces of the cube belong to a crystallographic form that displays one of the symmetries of the isometric crystal system. Galena also ...

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