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The trihydrogen cation or protonated molecular hydrogen (IUPAC name: hydrogenonium ion) is a cation (positive ion) with formula H + 3, consisting of three hydrogen nuclei sharing two electrons. The trihydrogen cation is one of the most abundant ions in the universe.
3 ions can be made in a duoplasmatron where an electric discharge passed through low pressure molecular hydrogen. This causes some H 2 to become H + 2. Then H 2 + H + 2 → H + 3 + H. The reaction is exothermic with an energy of 1.7 eV, so the ions produced are hot with much vibrational energy.
A hydrogen atom is made up of a nucleus with charge +1, and a single electron. Therefore, the only positively charged ion possible has charge +1. It is noted H +. Depending on the isotope in question, the hydrogen cation has different names: Hydron: general name referring to the positive ion of any hydrogen isotope (H +)
Triatomic hydrogen (H 3), an unstable molecule; Trihydrogen cation (H + 3), one of the most abundant ions in the universe; Tritium (3 H), or hydrogen-3, an isotope of hydrogen; ATC code H03 Thyroid therapy, a subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System
A hydrogen molecular ion cluster or hydrogen cluster ion is a positively charged cluster of hydrogen molecules. The hydrogen molecular ion (H + 2) and trihydrogen ion (H + 3) are well defined molecular species. However hydrogen also forms singly charged clusters (H + n) with n up to 120.
The two electrons go into the bonding orbital, resulting in a net bonding effect and constituting a chemical bond among all three atoms. In many common bonds of this type, the bonding orbital is shifted towards two of the three atoms instead of being spread equally among all three. Example molecules with 3c–2e bonds are the trihydrogen cation ...
Atomic numbers (Z) are a special case of charge numbers, referring to the charge number of an atomic nucleus, as opposed to the net charge of an atom or ion. The charge numbers for ions (and also subatomic particles ) are written in superscript, e.g., Na + is a sodium ion with charge number positive one (an electric charge of one elementary ...
H + 3 is one of the most abundant ions in the universe, and it plays a notable role in the chemistry of the interstellar medium. [106] Neutral triatomic hydrogen H 3 can exist only in an excited form and is unstable. [107] By contrast, the positive hydrogen molecular ion (H + 2) is a rare in the universe. [citation needed]