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2. Propionic acidemia - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propionic_acidemia

   In many cases, propionic acidemia can damage the brain, heart, kidney, liver, cause seizures and delays to normal development such as walking or talking. The accumulation of propionic acid is known to induce differential responses in different organs. The heart and liver are specific targets of the complication.

3. Propionic acid - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propionic_acid

   Propionic acid inhibits the growth of mold and some bacteria at levels between 0.1 and 1% by weight. As a result, some propionic acid produced is consumed as a preservative for both animal feed and food for human consumption. For animal feed, it is used either directly or as its ammonium salt. This application accounts for about half of the ...

4. Propionate fermentation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propionate_fermentation

   Pyruvate is then converted into propionic acid through multiple reduction steps in the Wood-Werkman cycle. The resulting products besides propionate include acetic acid, carbon dioxide, and succinic acid. In Prevotella, the redox reaction is supported with RNF oxidoreductase to metabolize carbohydrates into glucose, succinate, and finally ...

5. Short-chain fatty acid - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-chain_fatty_acid

   Acetic acid: Ethanoic acid Acetate: Ethanoate C 2 H 4 O 2: CH 3 COOH: 60.05 C3:0 Propionic acid: Propanoic acid Propionate: Propanoate C 3 H 6 O 2: CH 3 CH 2 COOH: 74.08 C4:0 Butyric acid: Butanoic acid Butyrate: Butanoate C 4 H 8 O 2: CH 3 (CH 2) 2 COOH: 88.11 C4:0 Isobutyric acid: 2-Methylpropanoic acid Isobutyrate: 2-Methylpropanoate C 4 H 8 ...

6. Imidazol-4-one-5-propionic acid - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/.../Imidazol-4-one-5-propionic_acid

   It arises via the action of urocanase on urocanic acid. Hydrolysis of the heterocycle to the glutamic acid derivative is catalyzed by imidazolonepropionate hydrolase. Microbial production of imidazol-4-one-5-propionic acid in the human gut has been shown to affect insulin signaling, which is relevant to type II diabetes. [2]

7. Propionibacterium - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propionibacterium

   Members of the genus Propionibacterium are widely used in the production of vitamin B 12, tetrapyrrole compounds, and propionic acid, as well as in the probiotics and cheese industries. [7] The strain Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii is used in cheesemaking to create CO 2 bubbles that become "eyes"—round holes in the cheese. [8]