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In the second generation Toyota Innova, it generates 149 PS (110 kW; 147 hp) at 3400 rpm, and 36.7 kg⋅m (360 N⋅m; 265 lb⋅ft) of torque at 1200-2600 rpm when mated to a 6-speed automatic transmission, depending on target market and emission specifications.
Improved engine performance combined with low emissions and fuel consumption was the principal aim during its development. Advanced engineering has been applied throughout the 1NR-FE engine. Toyota engineers streamlined the engine's intake channel, used computer simulation to optimize airflow, smoothened all surfaces for less turbulence and ...
California's Low-emission vehicle (LEV) program defines six automotive emission standards which are stricter than the United States' national Tier regulations. Each standard has several targets depending on vehicle weight and cargo capacity; the regulations cover vehicles with test weights up to 14,000 pounds (6,400 kg).
The difference between the high and low values is significant, about 8 or 9%. This accounts for most of the apparent discrepancy in the heat value of gasoline. In the U.S. (and the table) the high heat values have traditionally been used, but in many other countries, the low heat values are commonly used.
Wien's approximation (also sometimes called Wien's law or the Wien distribution law) is a law of physics used to describe the spectrum of thermal radiation (frequently called the blackbody function). This law was first derived by Wilhelm Wien in 1896.
Thermal emittance or thermal emissivity is the ratio of the radiant emittance of heat of a specific object or surface to that of a standard black body.Emissivity and emittivity are both dimensionless quantities given in the range of 0 to 1, representing the comparative/relative emittance with respect to a blackbody operating in similar conditions, but emissivity refers to a material property ...
When originally on sale it met European emission standard EU4 requirements and had CO 2 levels of 109 g/km, but current applications meet European emission standard EU5 and can have CO 2 levels as low as 99 g/km. [1] This engine has been given the 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010 [2] International Engine of the Year awards in the sub-1.0 liter category.
Toyota Corolla Cross 2ZR-FXE Hybrid engine (2023) The Toyota 2ZR-FXE is a 1.8 L (1,797 cc) Atkinson cycle variant of the 2ZR-FE. [9] It has the same bore and stroke, but the compression ratio is increased to 13.0:1, and the inlet valve closing is late-staged. The net result is that the engine has a greater effective expansion than compression.