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  2. Air mass - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_mass

    In meteorology, an air mass is a volume of air defined by its temperature and humidity. ... are very stable, and generally shallower than arctic air. Polar air over ...

  3. Atmospheric instability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_instability

    Drizzle occurs within a moist air mass when it is stable. Air within a stable layer is not turbulent. [10] Conditions associated with a marine layer, a stable atmosphere common on the west side of continents near cold water currents, leads to overnight and morning fog. [11] Undular bores can form when a low level boundary such as a cold front ...

  4. Convective instability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convective_instability

    Instability results from difference between the adiabatic lapse rate of an air mass and the ambient lapse rate in the atmosphere. [2] If the adiabatic lapse rate is lower than the ambient lapse rate, an air mass displaced upward cools less rapidly than the air in which it is moving. Hence, such an air mass becomes warmer relative to the ...

  5. Outflow (meteorology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outflow_(meteorology)

    Outflow, in meteorology, is air that flows outwards from a storm system. It is associated with ridging, or anticyclonic flow. In the low levels of the troposphere, outflow radiates from thunderstorms in the form of a wedge of rain-cooled air, which is visible as a thin rope-like cloud on weather satellite imagery or a fine line on weather radar ...

  6. Conditional symmetric instability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional_symmetric...

    Weather radar loop showing intense snow bands (lighter color) due to CSI ahead of a warm front.. Conditional symmetric instability, or CSI, is a form of convective instability in a fluid subject to temperature differences in a uniform rotation frame of reference while it is thermally stable in the vertical and dynamically in the horizontal (inertial stability).

  7. Orographic lift - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orographic_lift

    Downslope winds occur on the leeward side of mountain barriers when a stable air mass is carried over the mountain by strong winds that increase in strength with height. Moisture is removed and latent heat released as the air mass is orographically lifted. As the air mass descends, it is compression heated.

  8. Inversion (meteorology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inversion_(meteorology)

    A warmer air mass moving over a cooler one can "shut off" any convection which may be present in the cooler air mass: this is known as a capping inversion. However, if this cap is broken, either by extreme convection overcoming the cap or by the lifting effect of a front or a mountain range, the sudden release of bottled-up convective energy ...

  9. Cloud - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 18 December 2024. Visible mass of liquid droplets or frozen crystals suspended in the atmosphere For other uses, see Cloud (disambiguation). Cloudscape over Borneo, taken by the International Space Station Part of a series on Weather Temperate and polar seasons Winter Spring Summer Autumn Tropical ...