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Benign paroxysmal torticollis disappears in the early years of life with no medical intervention. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] However, some cases of benign paroxysmal torticollis cases can evolve into benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood , migrainous vertigo or typical migraines .
Torticollis is a fixed or dynamic tilt, rotation, with flexion or extension of the head and/or neck. The type of torticollis can be described depending on the positions of the head and neck. [1] [3] [4] laterocollis: the head is tipped toward the shoulder; rotational torticollis: the head rotates along the longitudinal axis towards the shoulder [5]
Torticollis has also been found to be an indicator of an enlarged vestibular aqueduct in children. [6] Identification of the enlarged vestibular aqueduct in a child is usually by MRI scan which identifies the fluid within the endolymphatic duct and sac. CT scan may be needed to see the vestibular aqueduct clearly. In adults, CT scan may be the ...
In the past, dopamine blocking agents have been used in the treatment of spasmodic torticollis. Treatment was based on the theory that there is an imbalance of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the basal ganglia. These drugs have fallen out of fashion due to various serious side effects: sedation, parkinsonism, and tardive dyskinesia. [16]
Signs and symptoms may include the following stiff neck (limited neck mobility or torticollis), [3] some form of palpable neck pain (may be in "front of the neck" or around the Adam's apple), malaise, difficulty swallowing, fever, stridor, drooling, croup-like cough or enlarged cervical lymph nodes. Any combination of these symptoms should ...
This is a rare disease that usually affects children. Progressive throat and neck pain and neck stiffness can be followed by neurologic symptoms such as pain or numbness radiating to arms (radiculopathies). In extreme cases, the condition can lead to quadriplegia and even death from acute respiratory failure.
People may complain of neck pain, after years of chronic head tilting (ocular torticollis), but this is also encountered in children. [ 4 ] Congenital fourth nerve palsy can affect reading comprehension (and concentration during other near tasks) due to the increased vertical fusional demands and head tilting required to maintain single vision ...
Sandifer syndrome (or Sandifer's syndrome) is an eponymous paediatric medical disorder, characterised by gastrointestinal symptoms and associated neurological features. [1] [2] [3] There is a significant correlation between the syndrome and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD); however, it is estimated to occur in less than 1% of children ...