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  2. German orthography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_orthography

    Silent at the end of loanwords from French (although spelling may be otherwise Germanized: Debüt, Eklat, Kuvert, Porträt) th [t] Used in words of Ancient Greek origin and in some proper names. ti: otherwise [ti] in - tion, tia, tial, tiar, tiär, tie, tiell, tient, tiös, tium [tsɪ̯] Used in words of Latin origin. tsch [tʃ] tz [ts]

  3. Italian orthography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_orthography

    The base alphabet consists of 21 letters: five vowels (A, E, I, O, U) and 16 consonants. The letters J, K, W, X and Y are not part of the proper alphabet, but appear in words of ancient Greek origin (e.g. Xilofono), loanwords (e.g. "weekend"), [2] foreign names (e.g. John), scientific terms (e.g. km) and in a handful of native words—such as the names Kalsa, Jesolo, Bettino Craxi, and Cybo ...

  4. Voiced palatal fricative - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_palatal_fricative

    In broad transcription, the symbol for the palatal approximant, j , may be used for the sake of simplicity. The voiced palatal fricative is a very rare sound, occurring in only 7 of the 317 languages surveyed by the original UCLA Phonological Segment Inventory Database [ citation needed ] .

  5. Czech phonology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_phonology

    The emphasis on the boundaries between words or in compound words is usually inserted between two vowels which do not form a diphthong, e.g. zneužívat [znɛʔuʒiːvat] ('to abuse'), táta a máma [taːta ʔa maːma] ('dad and mum'); it is also inserted before initial vowels of the second part of compound words, e.g. trojúhelník ...

  6. Voiced palatal approximant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant

    In the writing systems used for most languages in Central, Northern, and Eastern Europe, the letter j denotes the palatal approximant, as in German Jahr 'year', which is followed by IPA. Although it may be seen as counterintuitive for English-speakers, there are a few words with that orthographical spelling in certain loanwords in English like ...

  7. Ğ - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ğ

    in eği and iğe it is either silent or pronounced [j] as if written y: değil [dejil] ('not'), diğer [dijeɾ] ('other'); in colloquial speech eği is long i: değil [diːl]; eği and ağı in the future suffix - (y)AcAK - are formally [e.i] / [a.ɯ] or colloquially [ æ ] / [a] : seveceğim [seveˈdʒe.im, seviˈdʒæm] ('I will love ...

  8. Gh (digraph) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gh_(digraph)

    In the dominant dialects of modern English, gh is almost always either silent or pronounced /f/ (see Ough). It is thought that before disappearing, the sound became partially or completely voiced to [ɣx] or [ɣ] , which would explain the new spelling — Old English used a simple h — and the diphthongization of any preceding vowel.

  9. List of Latin-script digraphs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_digraphs

    This happens to be silent, so that fh in Gaelic corresponds to no sound at all, e.g. the Irish phrase cá fhad /kaː ˈad̪ˠ/ "how long", where fhad is the lenited form of fad /fˠad̪ˠ/ "long". However, in three Scottish Gaelic words, fhèin, fhuair, and fhathast, it is pronounced as /h/. fx is used in Nambikwara for a glottalized /ɸʔ/.