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Lienhard was born in 1961 in Pullman, Washington, where his father, John H. Lienhard IV, was a professor at Washington State University.His mother, Carol Ann Bratton, a violinist, was a member of the Washington State University String Quartet.
No updated versions may be posted to preprint servers after initial submission to the journal. Unrestricted [43] European Respiratory Society: Unrestricted Versions of a manuscript that have been altered as a result of the peer review process may not be deposited Unrestricted [44] Faculty of 1000: Unrestricted Unrestricted Unrestricted [45]
Miriam Balaban (born in Philadelphia) is a publisher, editor and scientist, recognized for her work in science communication and desalination.She has founded international organizations (European Association of Science Editors; International Federation of Science Editors), conferences (International Conference of Scientific Editors) and journals (Desalination, editor 1966–2009; Desalination ...
Improved desalination efficiency is a primary factor contributing to this reduction. Energy consumption remains a significant cost component, accounting for up to half the total cost of the desalination process. [105] Desalination can substantially increase energy intensity, particularly for regions with limited energy resources.
Schematic of a multiple effect desalination plant. The first stage is at the top. Pink areas are vapor, lighter blue areas are liquid feed water. Stronger turquoise is condensate. It is not shown how feed water enters other stages than the first. F - feed water in. S - heating steam in. C - heating steam out. W - Fresh water (condensate) out.
The heat added in the brine heater usually comes in the form of hot steam from an industrial process co-located with the desalination plant. The steam is allowed to condense against tubes carrying the brine (similar to the stages). [citation needed] The energy that makes possible the evaporation is all present in the brine as it leaves the heater.
The second system type is a so-called two-loop plant with a capacity of around 2,000 litres per day (530 US gal/d). Here, the collector circuit is separated from the desalination circuit by a saltwater resistant heat exchanger. [7] Based on these two system types, a various number of prototypes were developed, installed and observed.
Most TFC's are used in water purification or water desalination systems. They also have use in chemical applications such as gas separations, dehumidification, batteries and fuel cells. A TFC membrane can be considered a molecular sieve constructed in the form of a film from two or more layered materials. The additional layers provide ...