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  2. Voltmeter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter

    A voltmeter is an instrument used for measuring electric potential difference between two points in an electric circuit. It is connected in parallel . It usually has a high resistance so that it takes negligible current from the circuit.

  3. Electrostatic voltmeter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrostatic_voltmeter

    An electrostatic voltmeter uses the attraction force between two charged surfaces to create a deflection of a pointer directly calibrated in volts. Since the attraction force is the same regardless of the polarity of the charged surfaces (as long as the charge is opposite), the electrostatic voltmeter can measure DC voltages of either polarity.

  4. Galvanometer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galvanometer

    A meter can be calibrated as a DC voltmeter if the resistance of the coil is known by calculating the voltage required to generate a full-scale current. A meter can be configured to read other voltages by putting it in a voltage divider circuit. This is generally done by placing a resistor in series with the meter coil.

  5. Multimeter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimeter

    The first moving-pointer current-detecting device was the galvanometer in 1820. These were used to measure resistance and voltage by using a Wheatstone bridge, and comparing the unknown quantity to a reference voltage or resistance.

  6. Ammeter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammeter

    A DC ammeter is thus sensitive to which polarity it ... which works on direct current ... the basic mechanism for a digital meter is a digital voltmeter mechanism ...

  7. Electrometer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrometer

    A modern electrometer is a highly sensitive electronic voltmeter whose input impedance is so high that the current flowing into it can be considered, for most practical purposes, to be zero. The actual value of input resistance for modern electronic electrometers is around 10 14 Ω, compared to around 10 10 Ω for nanovoltmeters. [ 9 ]

  8. Voltameter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltameter

    A 19th century version of a voltameter. A voltameter or coulometer is a scientific instrument used for measuring electric charge (quantity of electricity) through electrolytic action.

  9. Current clamp - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_clamp

    The iron vane moves in proportion to the strength of the magnetic field, and thus produces a meter indication proportional to the current. This type of ammeter can measure both AC and DC currents and provides a true RMS current measurement of non-sinusoidal or distorted AC waveforms.