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In his book "Handbook of the Manufactures and Arts of the Punjab," Baden Henry Powell refers to many textile products produced in rural cottage and jail industries in the Punjab region. [8] Different State Gazetteers of India cite the production of various goods in the jail industry within their respective states. [9] [10] [11] [12]
The Prison Industry Enhancement Certification Program (PIECP) is a federal program that was initiated along with the American Legislative Exchange Council and the Prison-Industries Act in 1979. [68] Before these programs, prison labor for the private sector had been outlawed for decades to avoid competition. [ 68 ]
A 19th-century jail room at a Pennsylvania museum. A prison, [a] also known as a jail, [b] gaol, [c] penitentiary, detention center, [d] correction center, correctional facility, remand center, hoosegow, and slammer, is a facility where people are imprisoned under the authority of the state, generally as rehabilitation and punishment for various crimes.
Correctional populations in the U.S., 1980–2013 US timeline graphs of number of people incarcerated in jails and prisons [1]. The prison-industrial complex (PIC) is a term, coined after the "military-industrial complex" of the 1950s, [2] used by scholars and activists to describe the many relationships between institutions of imprisonment (such as prisons, jails, detention facilities, and ...
Most jail inmates are petty, nonviolent offenders. In the early 1990s, most nonviolent defendants were released on their own recognizance (trusted to show up at trial). Now most are given bail, and most pay a bail bondsman to afford it. [274] 62% of local jail inmates are awaiting trial. [275] This rate varies from state to state.
Total US incarceration (prisons and jails) peaked in 2008. On January 1, 2008, more than 1 in 100 adults in the United States were in prison or jail. 2.3 million people (see table to right). [24] [25] Total correctional population (prison, jail, probation, parole) peaked in 2007. [26] [27] [28] [29]
The idea of "corrective labor" (Russian: исправительные работы) in Soviet Russia dates back as far as December 1917. [6]From 1929 the USSR started using the terminology "corrective-labor camps" (Russian: исправительно-трудовые лагеря (ИТЛ)) [7] and "corrective labor colonies" (Russian: исправительно-трудовые колонии ...
United Kingdom: The World Prison Brief (WPB) site does not list an incarceration rate for the United Kingdom as a whole, that includes all its territories, and other subnational areas, etc.: England and Wales, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Anguilla, Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Gibraltar, Guernsey, Isle of Man, Jersey, British Virgin Islands.