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  2. List of freedmen's towns - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_freedmen's_towns

    1.9 Illinois. 1.10 Indiana. 1. ... In Oklahoma before the end of segregation there existed dozens of these ... Oberlin Village, Raleigh, North Carolina; Oklahoma

  3. Sundown town - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sundown_town

    In 1853, new black residents were banned from moving to the state of Illinois. Those new residents who remained more than ten days and were unable to pay the fine were to be punished by forced labor. Although this law faced significant resistance, especially in Illinois' small black community, it was not repealed until the end of the Civil War ...

  4. John Jones (abolitionist) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Jones_(abolitionist)

    In Chicago, Jones opened a tailoring shop. He led a campaign to end the Black Codes of Illinois and was the first African-American to win public office in the state. [1] [2] Jones was the first black man in the state of Illinois to serve on a grand jury in 1870, became a notary public in 1871 and the same year was elected to the Cook County ...

  5. List of Jim Crow law examples by state - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Jim_Crow_law...

    It was unlawful for a black child to attend a white school, and vice versa. No separate colored school was allowed to be located within 1 mile (1.6 km) of a separate white school. This law excluded schools in cities and towns but did not allow the schools in those areas within six hundred feet of the other. 1890: Railroads

  6. Black Codes (United States) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Codes_(United_States)

    The Black Codes, sometimes called the Black Laws, were laws which governed the conduct of African Americans (both free and freedmen).In 1832, James Kent wrote that "in most of the United States, there is a distinction in respect to political privileges, between free white persons and free colored persons of African blood; and in no part of the country do the latter, in point of fact ...

  7. Racial segregation in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_segregation_in_the...

    Ohio, like most of the North and West, did not have de jure statutory enforced segregation (Jim Crow laws), but many places still had de facto social segregation in the early 20th century. Together with state sponsored segregation, such private owner enforced segregation was outlawed for public accommodations in the 1960s.

  8. List of expulsions of African Americans - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_expulsions_of...

    A coup d'état and a massacre which was carried out by white supremacists in Wilmington, North Carolina, United States, on Thursday, November 10, 1898. The white press in Wilmington originally described the event as a race riot caused by black people. Since the late 20th century and further study, the event has been characterized as a violent ...

  9. Desegregation in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desegregation_in_the...

    The remainder served in segregated combat units, most notably the 24th Infantry regiment. The first months of the Korean War were some of the most disastrous in US military history. The North Korean People's Army nearly drove the American-led United Nations forces off the Korean peninsula. Faced with staggering losses in White units, commanders ...