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RNA-Seq (named as an abbreviation of RNA sequencing) is a technique that uses next-generation sequencing to reveal the presence and quantity of RNA molecules in a biological sample, providing a snapshot of gene expression in the sample, also known as transcriptome.
On benchmarks with standard RNA-Seq data, kallisto can quantify 30 million human reads in less than 3 minutes on a Mac desktop computer using only the read sequences and a transcriptome index that itself takes less than 10 minutes to build."
Unlike standard bulk RNA-seq methods which require around 30 million reads per sample for robust gene expression information, for BRB-seq, a sequencing depth of between one and five million reads per sample is sufficient to detect the majority of expressed genes in a sample. Lowly expressed genes can be detected by sequencing at higher depths.
For example, to investigate a biological process which is estimated to occur for an hour, a researcher might design an experiment where the process is triggered for five minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, one hour, and two hours in separate cell culture samples before harvesting the cells for RNA-seq analysis.
3' mRNA-seq methods are generally cheaper per sample than standard bulk RNA-seq methods. [2] [7] [8] [9] This is because of the lower sequencing depth required due to only the 3' end of mRNA molecules being sequenced instead of the whole length of entire transcripts. Read depths of between one million and five million reads are recommended in ...
Normalisation of RNA-seq data accounts for cell to cell variation in the efficiencies of the cDNA library formation and sequencing. One method relies on the use of extrinsic RNA spike-ins (RNA sequences of known sequence and quantity) that are added in equal quantities to each cell lysate and used to normalise read count by the number of reads ...
Sequencing technologies vary in the length of reads produced. Reads of length 20-40 base pairs (bp) are referred to as ultra-short. [2] Typical sequencers produce read lengths in the range of 100-500 bp. [3] However, Pacific Biosciences platforms produce read lengths of approximately 1500 bp. [4] Read length is a factor which can affect the results of biological studies. [5]
Sequence coverage (or depth) is the number of unique reads that include a given nucleotide in the reconstructed sequence. [1] [2] Deep sequencing refers to the general concept of aiming for high number of unique reads of each region of a sequence. [3] Physical coverage, the cumulative length of reads or read pairs expressed as a multiple of ...