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In anatomy, the venae cavae (/ ˈ v iː n i ˈ k eɪ v i /; [1] sg.: vena cava / ˈ v iː n ə ˈ k eɪ v ə /; from Latin 'hollow veins') [2] are two large veins (great vessels) that return deoxygenated blood from the body into the heart. In humans they are the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava, and both empty into the right atrium ...
The inferior vena cava is a large vein that carries the deoxygenated blood from the lower and middle body into the right atrium of the heart. It is formed by the joining of the right and the left common iliac veins , usually at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebra .
The superior vena cava (SVC) is the superior of the two venae cavae, the great venous trunks that return deoxygenated blood from the systemic circulation to the right atrium of the heart. It is a large-diameter (24 mm) short length vein that receives venous return from the upper half of the body, above the diaphragm .
The inferior vena cava is the larger of the two. The inferior vena cava is retroperitoneal and runs to the right and roughly parallel to the abdominal aorta along the spine. Deep, superficial, and perforator veins. The three main compartments of the venous system are the deep veins, the superficial veins, and the perforator veins. [15]
The renal veins empty into the inferior vena cava, entering it at nearly a 90° angle. [ 1 ] Due to the right-ward displacement of the inferior vena cava from the midline, the left renal vein is some 3 times longer than the right one (~7.5 cm and ~2.5 cm, respectively).
Its base surrounds the superior vena cava. [6] The right atrial appendage is a pouch-like extension of the right atrium and is covered by a trabecula network of pectinate muscles . The interatrial septum separates the right atrium from the left atrium; this is marked by a depression in the right atrium – the fossa ovalis .
Finally, the left and right brachiocephalic veins join to form the superior vena cava, which delivers deoxygenated blood to the right atrium of the heart. [2] The jugular vein has tributaries consisting of petrosal sinus , facial , lingual , pharylingual, the thyroid , and sometimes the occipital vein .
Superior vena cava. Brachiocephalic vein. Inferior thyroid vein; Inferior laryngeal vein; Pericardial veins; Pericardiophrenic veins; Bronchial veins; Vertebral vein. Occipital vein; Anterior vertebral vein; Deep cervical vein; Internal thoracic veins. Superior epigastric veins; Musculophrenic veins; Anterior intercostal veins; Supreme ...