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The Zen tradition is maintained and transferred by a high degree of institutionalisation, [1] [2] despite the emphasis on individual experience [3] and the iconoclastic picture of Zen. [4] In Japan, modernity has led to criticism of the formal system and the commencement of lay-oriented Zen-schools such as the Sanbo Kyodan [5] and the Ningen ...
The Five Mountains and Ten Monasteries System (五山十刹制度, Chinese: Wushan Shicha, Japanese: Gozan Jissetsu Seido) system, more commonly called simply Five Mountain System, was a network of state-sponsored Chan (Zen) Buddhist temples created in China during the Southern Song (1127–1279). The term "mountain" in this context means ...
The hierarchical system of Zen has attracted severe criticism in the west, because of the misconception of the role and degree of awakening of Zen teachers. [ 3 ] [ 35 ] [ 36 ] The term rōshi has been applied to implicate a certified state of awakening, implying impeccable moral behaviour.
The zen monastery Enso-ji Il Cerchio (Japanese: 円相寺, Ensō-ji; eng.: "Temple of the Circle") is a Buddhist community and a cultural association recognised by the Italian Government. It is affiliated with Soto Zen Buddhism and was founded by the Italian Zen Master Carlo Zendo Tetsugen Serra (1953-), [1] He was disciple of the Japanese Zen ...
Kenchō-ji (建長寺) is a Rinzai Zen temple in Kamakura, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, which ranks first among Kamakura's so-called Five Great Zen Temples (the Kamakura Gozan) and is the oldest Zen training monastery in Japan. [1] These temples were at the top of the Five Mountain System, a network of Zen temples started by the Hōjō Regents.
[note 1] The shogunates or leaders of Japan have made it a priority to update and rebuild Buddhist temples since the Momoyama period (late 16th century). [1] The Japanese word for a Buddhist monastery is tera (寺) (kun reading), and the same kanji also has the pronunciation ji (on reading), so temple names frequently end in -dera or -ji.
Ōbaku Zen or the Ōbaku school (Japanese: 黄檗宗, romanized: Ōbaku-shū) is one of three main schools of Japanese Zen Buddhism, in addition to the Sōtō and Rinzai schools. The school was founded in Japan by the Chinese monk Ingen Ryūki, who immigrated to Japan during the Manchu conquest of China in the 17th century.
Aside from Rinzai and Sōtō, there is a third tradition of Zen present in Japan, the Ōbaku Zen sect. It was brought to Japan in the 17th century, and shows significant influence from the Pure Land school. This reflects the syncretistic tendencies that developed in Chinese Buddhism in the centuries after the earlier Rinzai lines had been ...