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A549 cells are adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells, and constitute a cell line that was first developed in 1972 by D. J. Giard, et al. through the removal and culturing of cancerous lung tissue in the explanted tumor of a 58-year-old caucasian male. [1]
A549 cells – derived from a cancer patient lung tumor; HeLa cells – a widely used human cell line isolated from cervical cancer patient Henrietta Lacks; HEK 293 cells – derived from human fetal cells; Huh7 cells – hepatocyte-derived carcinoma cell line; Jurkat cells – a human T lymphocyte cell line isolated from a case of leukemia
In modern usage, "Tissue culture" generally refers to the growth of cells from a multicellular organism in vitro. These cells may be cells isolated from a donor organism (primary cells) or an immortalised cell line. The cells are bathed in a culture medium, which contains essential nutrients and energy sources necessary for the cells' survival. [8]
Many methods are used to identify cell lines, including isoenzyme analysis, human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) typing, chromosomal analysis, karyotyping, morphology and STR analysis. [35] One significant cell-line cross contaminant is the immortal HeLa cell line. HeLa contamination was first noted in the early 1960s in non-human culture in the USA.
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A549 cells share the same characteristics with the alveolar type II cells. This are type II pneumocytes crucial for lung homeostasis, and regeneration upon damage. For research purposes to unravel different molecular mechanisms leading to lung diseases, A549 cells serves as a good model to which translational research can be relied upon.
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Suspension cell culture is commonly used to culture nonadhesive cell lines like hematopoietic cells, plant cells, and insect cells. [1] While some cell lines are cultured in suspension, the majority of commercially available mammalian cell lines are adherent.
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