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Keeping a sense of balance requires the brain to process a variety of information received from the eyes, the nervous system, and the inner ears. If the brain is unable to process these signals, such as when the messages are contradictory, or if the sensory systems are improperly functioning, an individual may experience lightheadedness or ...
Patients suffering from blepharospasm also report sensory symptoms including sensitivity to light, [14] [15] dry eyes, [16] and burning sensation and grittiness in the eyes. [4] Although such symptoms tend to precede the onset of the blepharospasm, they may both be due to a common third factor.
Pupillary hippus, also known as pupillary athetosis, is spasmodic, rhythmic, but regular dilating and contracting pupillary movements between the sphincter and dilator muscles. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Pupillary hippus comes from the Greek hippos meaning horse, perhaps due to the rhythm of the contractions representing a galloping horse. [ 3 ]
This dilation may pose a problem since a larger pupil is less efficient at focusing light (see pupil, aperture, and optical aberration for more.) Patients who have accommodative spasm may benefit from being given glasses or contacts that account for the problem or by using vision therapy techniques to regain control of the accommodative system.
When the test is performed in an eye with an afferent pupillary defect, light directed in the affected eye will cause only mild constriction of both pupils (due to decreased response to light from the afferent defect), while light in the unaffected eye will cause a normal constriction of both pupils (due to an intact efferent path, and an ...
Initial symptoms include restlessness, agitation, malaise, or a fixed stare. Then comes the more characteristically described extreme and sustained upward deviation of the eyes. In addition, the eyes may converge, deviate upward and laterally, or deviate downward.
Sometimes there is flushing on the affected side of the face due to dilation of blood vessels under the skin. The pupil's light reflex is maintained as this is controlled via the parasympathetic nervous system. [citation needed] In children, Horner's syndrome sometimes leads to heterochromia, a difference in eye color between the two eyes. [3]
The most common symptoms of acquired and transient cortical blindness include: A complete loss of visual sensation and of vision [4] Preservation/sparing of the abilities to perceive light and/or moving, but not static objects (Riddoch syndrome) [2] A lack of visual fixation and tracking [4] Denial of visual loss (Anton–Babinski syndrome)