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Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are proteins or lipids that become glycated as a result of exposure to sugars. [1] They are a bio-marker implicated in aging and the development, or worsening, of many degenerative diseases , such as diabetes , atherosclerosis , chronic kidney disease , and Alzheimer's disease .
N(6)-Carboxymethyllysine (CML), also known as N ε-(carboxymethyl)lysine, is an advanced glycation endproduct (AGE). CML has been the most used marker for AGEs in food analysis. CML has been the most used marker for AGEs in food analysis.
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Schematic of the relation between an immunoglobulin and RAGE Schematic of the RAGE gene and its products. RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation endproducts), also called AGER, is a 35 kilodalton transmembrane receptor [5] of the immunoglobulin super family which was first characterized in 1992 by Neeper et al. [6] Its name comes from its ability to bind advanced glycation endproducts (), which ...
Glucosepane is a lysine-arginine protein cross-linking product and advanced glycation end product (AGE) derived from D-glucose. [1] It is an irreversible, covalent cross-link product that has been found to make intermolecular and intramolecular cross-links in the collagen of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and crystallin of the eyes. [2]
Sorbitol may also glycate nitrogens on proteins, such as collagen, and the products of these glycations are referred-to as AGEs - advanced glycation end-products. AGEs are thought to cause disease in the human body, one effect of which is mediated by RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end-products) and the ensuing inflammatory responses induced.
An important way AGEs exert their effect is through a receptor-mediated mechanism, most importantly by the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). RAGE is a signal transduction receptor found on a number of cell types including macrophages, endothelial cells, renal mesangial cells and podocytes in the glomerulus. [ 26 ]
Carnosine acts as an antiglycating agent, reducing the rate of formation of advanced glycation end-products (substances that can be a factor in the development or worsening of many degenerative diseases, such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, chronic kidney failure, and Alzheimer's disease [10]), and ultimately reducing development of ...