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Hyperkalemia is an elevated level of potassium (K +) in the blood. [1] Normal potassium levels are between 3.5 and 5.0 mmol/L (3.5 and 5.0 mEq/L) with levels above 5.5 mmol/L defined as hyperkalemia. [3] [4] Typically hyperkalemia does not cause symptoms. [1] Occasionally when severe it can cause palpitations, muscle pain, muscle weakness, or ...
Potassium resides mainly inside the cells of the body, so its concentration in the blood can range anywhere from 3.5 mEq/L to 5 mEq/L. [14] The kidneys are responsible for excreting the majority of potassium from the body. [14] This means their function is crucial for maintaining a proper balance of potassium in the blood stream.
After age 40, GFR decreases progressively with age, by 0.4–1.2 mL/min per year. [citation needed] Estimated GFR (eGFR) is now recommended by clinical practice guidelines and regulatory agencies for routine evaluation of GFR whereas measured GFR (mGFR) is recommended as a confirmatory test when more accurate assessment is required. [5]
1.0, [67] 1.2, [5] 1.3 [65] 2.2 [67] mmol/L > 1.0 [67] or 1.6 [65] mmol/L 40 [68] or 60 [69] mg/dL 40, [68] 50 [70] 86 [68] mg/dL HDL cholesterol: Male: 0.9 [5] [67] 2.0 [67] mmol/L 35 [68] 80 [68] mg/dL LDL cholesterol (Not valid when triglycerides >5.0 mmol/L) 2.0, [67] 2.4 [66] 3.0, [5] [66] 3.4 [67] mmol/L < 2.5 mmol/L [67] 80, [68] 94 [68 ...
While many cases go unreported, "the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that 48 million people – about 1 in 6 Americans – get sick from foodborne illnesses each ...
Saxitoxin is a neurotoxin naturally produced by certain species of marine dinoflagellates (Alexandrium sp., Gymnodinium sp., Pyrodinium sp.) and freshwater cyanobacteria (Dolichospermum cicinale sp., some Aphanizomenon spp., Cylindrospermopsis sp., Lyngbya sp., Planktothrix sp.) [1] [2] Saxitoxin accumulates in "planktivorous invertebrates, including mollusks (bivalves and gastropods ...
The sodium–potassium pump a critical enzyme for regulating sodium and potassium levels in cells. Potassium is the main intracellular ion for all types of cells, while having a major role in maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance. [1] [2] Potassium is necessary for the function of all living cells and is thus present in all plant and ...
What potassium isotopes could say about Alzheimer’s risk. Using 20 blood samples — 10 from people with Alzheimer’s disease and 10 without — Mahan and his team compared levels of potassium ...