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Zhu Yuanzhang [3] (the future Hongwu Emperor, leading the faction known as "Ming", fought a protracted war against the faction of Chen Youliang for supremacy over the former territories controlled by the Red Turbans [4]
Zhu Yuanzhang sets up a school with a teaching staff of "Erudites" (boshi) [13] 1367: October: Red Turban Rebellion: Zhu Yuanzhang's army under Zhu Liangzi takes Taizhou [14] 1 October: Red Turban Rebellion: Zhu Yuanzhang takes Suzhou and Zhang Shicheng hangs himself; [15] 2,400 large and small cannons are deployed by the Ming army at the siege ...
23 January – Zhu Yuanzhang claims the Mandate of Heaven and establishes the Ming dynasty, becoming Hongwu Emperor. Zhu sends an army toward the Yuan capital, Khanbaliq (present-day Beijing ). [ 1 ]
Zhu Yuanzhang was a penniless peasant and Buddhist monk who joined the Red Turbans in 1352, but soon gained a reputation after marrying the foster daughter of a rebel commander. [ 12 ] [ 13 ] In 1356 Zhu's rebel force captured the city of Nanjing , [ 14 ] which he would later establish as the capital of the Ming dynasty.
In 1363, Zhu Yuanzhang eliminated his archrival and leader of the rebel Han faction, Chen Youliang, in the Battle of Lake Poyang, arguably the largest naval battle in history. Known for its ambitious use of fire ships , Zhu's force of 200,000 Ming sailors were able to defeat a Han rebel force over triple their size, claimed to be 650,000-strong.
Prior to this, Zhu was the leader of the Red Turbans and had been appointed as the Duke of Wu (吳國公) by the emperor of the rebel Song dynasty, Han Lin'er, in 1361. [4] (Wu was the name of an ancient state and later the region on the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.) On 4 February 1364, Zhu Yuanzhang declared himself the King of Wu ...
The Ming dynasty was founded by the peasant rebel leader Zhu Yuanzhang, known as the Hongwu Emperor. The longest-reigning emperor of the dynasty was the Wanli Emperor ( r. 1572–1620 ), who ruled for 48 years; the shortest was his successor, the Taichang Emperor , who ruled for only 29 days in 1620.
He had no choice but to rely on local warlords' military power, and gradually lost his interest in politics and ceased to intervene in political struggles. He fled north to Shangdu from Khanbaliq (present-day Beijing) in 1368 after the approach of the forces of the Míng dynasty (1368–1644), founded by Zhu Yuanzhang in the south.