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Phosgene was first deployed as a chemical weapon by the French in 1915 in World War I. [24] It was also used in a mixture with an equal volume of chlorine, with the chlorine helping to spread the denser phosgene. [25] [26] Phosgene was more potent than chlorine, though some symptoms took 24 hours or more to manifest.
The International Science and Engineering Fair was founded in 1950 by Science Service (now the Society for Science) and was sponsored by Intel from 1997 to 2019. [5] [6] Regeneron Pharmaceuticals became the title sponsor for ISEF in 2020, [7] but the event was cancelled that year and replaced with an online version due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Scientific terminology is the part of the language that is used by scientists in the context of their professional activities. While studying nature, scientists often encounter or create new material or immaterial objects and concepts and are compelled to name them.
Traces of a toxic, colorless gas were found at the headquarters of Sweden’s security agency where a suspected gas leak last week forced authorities to evacuate some 500 people from the facility ...
A science fair or engineering fair is an event hosted by a school that offers students the opportunity to experience the practices of science and engineering for themselves. In the United States, the Next Generation Science Standards makes experiencing the practices of science and engineering one of the three pillars of science education.
Based on research by Fritz Haber into chlorine as a weapon, the Nernst–Duisberg Commission investigated the feasibility of adding phosgene to chlorine gas, to increase its lethality. [4] Work by Richard Willstätter to supply the German army with protective equipment, enabled it to contemplate the use of the far more lethal combination of ...
Unlike thiophosgene monomer, a red liquid, the photodimer, an example of a 1,3-dithietane, is a colourless solid. [7] Swarts fluorination of the dimer and then cracking is the principal route to thiocarbonyl fluoride. [8] Thiophosgene decomposes at 200 °C or above to form carbon disulfide and carbon tetrachloride. [9]
A science project is an educational activity for students involving experiments or construction of models in one of the science disciplines. Students may present their science project at a science fair, so they may also call it a science fair project. Science projects may be classified into four main types.