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Stearic acid (/ ˈ s t ɪər ɪ k / STEER-ik, / s t i ˈ ær ɪ k / stee-ARR-ik) is a saturated fatty acid with an 18-carbon chain. [9] The IUPAC name is octadecanoic acid. [9] It is a soft waxy solid with the formula CH 3 (CH 2) 16 CO 2 H. [9] The triglyceride derived from three molecules of stearic acid is called stearin. [9]
Enthalpies of melting and boiling for pure elements versus temperatures of transition, demonstrating Trouton's rule. In thermodynamics, the enthalpy of fusion of a substance, also known as (latent) heat of fusion, is the change in its enthalpy resulting from providing energy, typically heat, to a specific quantity of the substance to change its state from a solid to a liquid, at constant pressure.
It is a triglyceride derived from three units of stearic acid. Most triglycerides are derived from at least two and more commonly three different fatty acids. [7] Like other triglycerides, stearin can crystallise in three polymorphs. For stearin, these melt at 54 (α-form), 65, and 72.5 °C (β-form). [3]
Calcium stearate is produced by heating stearic acid and calcium oxide: 2 C 17 H 35 COOH + CaO → (C 17 H 35 COO) 2 Ca + H 2 O. It is also the main component of soap scum, a white solid that forms when soap is mixed with hard water. Unlike soaps containing sodium and potassium, calcium stearate is insoluble in water and does not lather well. [2]
Sodium stearate (IUPAC: Sodium Octadecanoate) is the sodium salt of stearic acid. This white solid is the most common soap. It is found in many types of solid deodorants, rubbers, latex paints, and inks. It is also a component of some food additives and food flavorings. [1]
Melting point (Mix) 57–65 °C (135–149 °F) ... Chemically it is the glycerol ester of stearic acid. It is also used as hydration powder in exercise formulas
In this context, soap is used in its formal sense, a metal salt of a fatty acid: in this case stearic acid. It is a white solid that repels water. It is a white solid that repels water. It is insoluble in polar solvents such as alcohol and ether but soluble in aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., benzene ) and chlorinated hydrocarbons when heated.
Soy wax is made by the full hydrogenation of soybean oil; [1] [2] chemically this gives a triglyceride, containing a high proportion of stearic acid. It is typically softer than paraffin wax and with a lower melting temperature, in most combinations. However, additives can raise this melting point to temperatures typical for paraffin-based candles.
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