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Electron configuration 3d 1 4s 2: Electrons per shell: 2, 8, 9, 2: Physical properties; ... Scandium is a chemical element with the symbol Sc and atomic number 21.
Here [Ne] refers to the core electrons which are the same as for the element neon (Ne), the last noble gas before phosphorus in the periodic table. The valence electrons (here 3s 2 3p 3) are written explicitly for all atoms. Electron configurations of elements beyond hassium (element 108) have never been measured; predictions are used below.
Many textbooks however show group 3 as containing scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, and actinium, a format based on historically wrongly measured electron configurations: [4] Lev Landau and Evgeny Lifshitz already considered it to be "incorrect" in 1948, [5] but the issue was brought to a wide debate only in 1982 by William B. Jensen. [4]
For example, the electron configuration of the neon atom is 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6, meaning that the 1s, 2s, and 2p subshells are occupied by two, two, and six electrons, respectively. Electronic configurations describe each electron as moving independently in an orbital, in an average field created by the nuclei and all the other
The first transition series is present in the 4th period, and starts after Ca (Z = 20) of group 2 with the configuration [Ar]4s 2, or scandium (Sc), the first element of group 3 with atomic number Z = 21 and configuration [Ar]4s 2 3d 1, depending on the definition used. As we move from left to right, electrons are added to the same d subshell ...
Atomic number (Z): 21: Group: group 3: Period: period 4: Block d-block Electron configuration [] 3d 1 4sElectrons per shell: 2, 8, 9, 2: Physical properties; Phase at ...
The chemistry of scandium is almost completely dominated by the trivalent ion, Sc 3+, due to its electron configuration, [Ar] 3d 1 4s 2. The radii of M 3+ ions in the table below indicate that the chemical properties of scandium ions have more in common with yttrium ions than with aluminium ions. In part because of this similarity, scandium is ...
n′ℓ is an attempt to describe electronic configuration of the excited electron in a way of describing electronic configuration of hydrogen atom. # is an additional number denoted to each energy level of given n′ℓ (there can be multiple energy levels of given electronic configuration, denoted by the term symbol).