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The halo effect is a perception distortion (or cognitive bias) that affects the way people interpret the information about someone with whom they have formed a positive gestalt. [11] An example of the halo effect is when a person finds out someone they have formed a positive gestalt with has cheated on their taxes.
Differences in perceptions of sexual interest between men and women may be exploited by both genders. Men may present themselves as more emotionally invested in a woman than they actually are in order to gain sexual access; 71% of men report engaging in this form of manipulation and 97% of women report having experienced this form of manipulation. [7]
A common test for negative transfer is the AB-AC list learning paradigm from the verbal learning research of the 1950s and 1960s. In this paradigm, two lists of paired associates are learned in succession, and if the second set of associations (List 2) constitutes a modification of the first set of associations (List 1), negative transfer results and thus the learning rate of the second list ...
Research on attribution biases is founded in attribution theory, which was proposed to explain why and how people create meaning about others' and their own behavior. This theory focuses on identifying how an observer uses information in his/her social environment in order to create a causal explanation for events.
Know responses are enhanced by manipulations which increase perceptual and conceptual fluency. For example, masked repetition priming, modality match during study and test, and the use of easy word-fragments in word-fragment recall are all perceptual manipulations which increase know responses. [ 15 ]
In the course of their evolution, natural selection has tended to preserve design improvements and optimizations. The older a skill is, the more time natural selection has had to improve the design. Abstract thought developed only very recently, and consequently, we should not expect its implementation to be particularly efficient. As Moravec ...
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Perceptual control theory has not been widely accepted in mainstream psychology, but has been effectively used in a considerable range of domains [57] [58] in human factors, [59] clinical psychology, and psychotherapy (the "Method of Levels"), it is the basis for a considerable body of research in sociology, [60] and it has formed the ...