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A volcano is commonly defined as a vent or fissure in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, ...
Diagram of the Yellowstone Caldera. The Lava Creek eruption of the Yellowstone Caldera, which occurred 640,000 years ago, [40] ejected approximately 1,000 cubic kilometres (240 cu mi) of rock, dust and volcanic ash into the atmosphere. [3] It was Yellowstone's third and most recent caldera-forming eruption.
Volcanoes known to have Surtseyan activity include: Surtsey, Iceland. The volcano built itself up from depth and emerged above the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Iceland in 1963. Initial hydrovolcanics were highly explosive, but as the volcano grew, rising lava interacted less with water and more with air, until finally Surtseyan activity ...
A shield volcano is a type of volcano named for its low profile, ... Diagram of a Hawaiian eruption. (key: 1. Ash plume 2. Lava fountain 3. Crater 4. Lava lake 5.
Twelve volcanoes in the arc are over 10,000 feet (3,000 m) in elevation, and the two highest, Mount Rainier and Mount Shasta, exceed 14,000 feet (4,300 m). By volume, the two largest Cascade volcanoes are the broad shields of Medicine Lake Volcano and Newberry Volcano, which are about 145 and 108 cubic miles (600 and 450 km 3) respectively.
A stratovolcano, also known as a composite volcano, is a typically conical volcano built up by many alternating layers of hardened lava and tephra. [1] Unlike shield volcanoes, stratovolcanoes are characterized by a steep profile with a summit crater and explosive eruptions. [2] Some have collapsed summit craters called calderas. [3]
Mount Mazama's eruption timeline, an example of caldera formation. A caldera (/ k ɔː l ˈ d ɛr ə, k æ l-/ [1] kawl-DERR-ə, kal-) is a large cauldron-like hollow that forms shortly after the emptying of a magma chamber in a volcanic eruption.
An example is the massive Level Mountain shield volcano in northern British Columbia, Canada, which covers an area of 1,800 km 2 (690 sq mi) and a volume of 860 km 3 (210 cu mi). [ 1 ] Perhaps the most extensive of all the subaerial basaltic plateaus existed during the Paleogene [ 2 ] and possibly extended over 1,800,000 km 2 (690,000 sq mi) of ...