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Ammonia electrolysis may require much less thermodynamic energy than water electrolysis (only 0.06 V in alkaline media). [23] Another option for recovering ammonia from wastewater is to use the mechanics of the ammonia-water thermal absorption cycle. [24] [25] Ammonia can thus be recovered either as a liquid or as ammonium hydroxide. The ...
Fritz Haber, 1918. The Haber process, [1] also called the Haber–Bosch process, is the main industrial procedure for the production of ammonia. [2] [3] It converts atmospheric nitrogen (N 2) to ammonia (NH 3) by a reaction with hydrogen (H 2) using finely divided iron metal as a catalyst:
Ammonia is produced biologically in a process called nitrogen fixation, but even more is generated industrially by the Haber process. The process helped revolutionize agriculture by providing cheap fertilizers. The global industrial production of ammonia in 2021 was 235 million tonnes.
In the 1870s, ammonia was an unwanted byproduct of making manufactured gas. Its importance emerged later, and in the 1900s the industry modified their facilities to produce it from coke. Still, production could not meet demand. [25] In 1900, Chile, with its deposits of saltpeter, produced two-thirds of all fertilizer on the planet. [26]
By the 1980s, the Billingham site was divided into 4 production groups – Ammonia Works (ammonia and methanol), Products Works (nitric acid and Nitram as well as other acids used to make compound "NPK" fertiliser), Oil Works and Cassel Works (whose main product is methyl methacrylate monomer, the precursor of Perspex).
Yara, the world's largest trader of ammonia, is bringing ammonia to Europe from production facilities in Trinidad, the United States and Australia to support fertilizer capacity after wholesale ...
Nitrification is important in agricultural systems, where fertilizer is often applied as ammonia. Conversion of this ammonia to nitrate increases nitrogen leaching because nitrate is more water-soluble than ammonia. Nitrification also plays an important role in the removal of nitrogen from municipal wastewater.
CF Fertilisers UK, a subsidiary of CF Industries Holdings Inc , said on Wednesday it would temporarily halt ammonia production at its Billingham Complex due to high natural gas and carbon prices.