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The Crown Colony of Penang was a British Crown colony from 1946 to 1957. It came under British sovereignty after being ceded by the Sultanate of Kedah in 1786, and had been part of the Straits Settlements from 1826 to 1946. [ 1 ]
Faced with the Dutch dominance of the East Indies (now Indonesia) and a growing French threat, Light, who by then had risen to the rank of captain, was ordered to acquire Penang Island from Kedah. [30] [32] The British East India Company sought control of Penang Island as a Royal Navy base, and a trading post between China and the Indian ...
The Japanese garrison in Penang surrendered on 2 September and a party of Royal Marine commandos landed on Penang Island the following day, thus returning Penang to British rule. Consequently, Penang became the first state in Malaya to be liberated by the British; Singapore would only be formally surrendered to the British on 12 September ...
The new Sultan offered Light (who later became a British representative) the island of Penang in return for military assistance for Kedah. Light informed the EIC of the Sultan's offer. The EIC, however, ordered Light to take over Penang and gave him no guarantee of the military aid that the Sultan had asked for.
Since 1685 the British had consolidated their rule in Bencoolen on western coast of Sumatra, and also had established their rule in Malaccan strait, the island of Singapore and Penang. As the British coveted the Dutch colonies in the region, the Dutch-controlled East Indies was bracing for the predicted incoming British invasion.
Thereafter the British came to control the entire island of Singapore, which was developed into a thriving colony and port. In 1824, the Dutch conceded any rights they had to the island in the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, and from 1832, Singapore was the seat of government of the Straits Settlements for 114 years until its dissolution in 1946. [5]
The Transfer of the Straits Settlements was the official handover of the colonies of Penang, Singapore, and Malacca from the British India Office over to the British Colonial Office on 1 April 1867. This transfer was initiated with the passing of the Straits Settlements Act 1866 ( 29 & 30 Vict. c. 115), thus assigning the Straits Settlements ...
Caunter, then aged 36, first arrived in Penang aboard the Nepture on 7 May 1795 with an appointment as marine storekeeper and master attendant, functions he took over from John Beanland. [12] Following the death of Acting Superintendent Thomas Pigou in early 1796, Caunter was appointed Third Assistant in the administration of the island. [13]