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During heating, the point at which melting is observed and the temperature constant is the melting point of the sample. [1] A more modern method uses dedicated equipment, known as a melting point apparatus. A slow heating rate at the melting point is needed in order to get an accurate measurement.
A melting-point apparatus is a scientific instrument used to determine the melting point of a substance. Some types of melting-point apparatuses include the Thiele tube , Fisher-Johns apparatus, Gallenkamp (Electronic) melting-point apparatus and automatic melting-point apparatus.
This melting-point apparatus for use with a microscope was developed by the Austrian pharmacognosist Ludwig Kofler (30 November 1891 Dornbirn - 23 August 1951 Innsbruck) and his wife mineralogist Adelheid Kofler. In 1936, the Koflers and Mayrhofer published their "Mikroskopische Methoden in der Mikrochemie" [Kofler, L., A.
For the Vicat B test, the load is 50 N. It is named after the French engineer Louis Vicat. Standards to determine Vicat softening point include ASTM D 1525 and ISO 306, which are largely equivalent. [1] The vicat softening temperature can be used to compare the heat-characteristics of different materials. Four different methods may be used for ...
The technique is widely used across a range of applications, both as a routine quality test and as a research tool. The equipment is easy to calibrate, using low melting indium at 156.5985 °C for example, and is a rapid and reliable method of thermal analysis. [citation needed]
Melting point/Melting range: 103: Boiling point: 104: Vapour pressure: 105: Water solubility: 106: Adsorption – Desorption Using a Batch Equilibrium Method 107: Partition coefficient (n-octanol/water): Shake Flask Method 108: Complex formation ability in water 109: Density of liquids and solids 110: Particle size distribution/ fibre length ...
The method is described in the similar standards ASTM D1238 [3] and ISO 1133. [4] Melt flow rate is a measure of the ability of the material's melt to flow under pressure, and is an indirect measure of molecular weight, with high melt flow rate corresponding to low molecular weight.
The comet assay (single-cell gel electrophoresis) is a simple method for measuring deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) strand breaks in eukaryotic cells. Cells embedded in agarose on a microscope slide are lysed with detergent and high salt to form nucleoids containing supercoiled loops of DNA linked to the nuclear matrix.