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Insular India was an isolated landmass which became the Indian subcontinent.Across the latter stages of the Cretaceous and most of the Paleocene, following the breakup of Gondwana, the Indian subcontinent remained an isolated landmass as the Indian Plate drifted across the Tethys Ocean, forming the Indian Ocean.
The Southeast Indian Ridge (denoted by the yellow line) The Southeast Indian Ridge (SEIR) is a mid-ocean ridge in the southern Indian Ocean.A divergent tectonic plate boundary stretching almost 6,000 km (3,700 mi) between the Rodrigues triple junction) in the Indian Ocean and the Macquarie triple junction) in the Pacific Ocean, the SEIR forms the plate boundary between the Australian and ...
Separating the African (or Nubian–Somali plates) and Antarctic plates, the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) stretches 7,700 km (4,800 mi) from the Atlantic Ocean to the Indian Ocean. With an average spreading rate of 14–15 millimetres per year (0.55–0.59 in/year), the SWIR is one of the slowest-spreading mid-ocean ridges on Earth.
Due to their isolation, the French islands in the southern Indian Ocean comprise one of the last remaining large wilderness areas on Earth. [20] Furthermore, the islands are positioned along the Antarctic Convergence, where upwelling creates nutrient-rich waters. [21] As a result, birds and marine mammals gather on the islands in great abundance.
The Southern Indian Ocean Islands tundra is a tundra ecoregion that includes several subantarctic islands in the southern Indian Ocean. [2] [3] [4] Location and ...
The Burckle crater is an undersea topographic feature about 29 kilometres (18 mi; 16 nmi) in diameter [1] in the southwestern Indian Ocean. A team of Earth scientists called the Holocene Impact Working Group proposes the feature to be an impact crater ; these claims are disputed by other geologists .
The Broken Ridge or Broken Plateau is an oceanic plateau in the south-eastern Indian Ocean. The Broken Ridge once formed a large igneous province (LIP) together with the Kerguelen Plateau . When Australia and Antarctica started to separate, the Broken Ridge and the Kerguelen Plateau got separated by the Southeast Indian Ridge . [ 1 ]
Heard Island supports a relatively low number of terrestrial invertebrate species compared to other Southern Ocean islands, in parallel with the low species richness in the flora–that is, the island's isolation and limited ice-free area.