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  2. Bencode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bencode

    Byte Strings are encoded as <length>:<contents>. The length is the number of bytes in the string, encoded in base 10. A colon (:) separates the length and the contents. The contents are the exact number of bytes specified by the length. Examples: An empty string is encoded as 0:. The string "bencode" is encoded as 6:bencode.

  3. MP3 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MP3

    As the MP3 standard allows quite a bit of freedom with encoding algorithms, different encoders do feature quite different quality, even with identical bit rates. As an example, in a public listening test featuring two early MP3 encoders set at about 128 kbit/s , [ 75 ] one scored 3.66 on a 1–5 scale, while the other scored only 2.22.

  4. Run-length encoding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Run-length_encoding

    Run-length encoding can be expressed in multiple ways to accommodate data properties as well as additional compression algorithms. For instance, one popular method encodes run lengths for runs of two or more characters only, using an "escape" symbol to identify runs, or using the character itself as the escape, so that any time a character ...

  5. Audio coding format - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_coding_format

    The most widely used audio coding formats are MP3 and Advanced Audio Coding (AAC), both of which are lossy formats based on modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) and perceptual coding algorithms. Lossless audio coding formats such as FLAC and Apple Lossless are sometimes available, though at the cost of larger files.

  6. Comparison of audio coding formats - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_audio_coding...

    For example, MP3 and AAC dominate the personal audio market in terms of market share, though many other formats are comparably well suited to fill this role from a purely technical standpoint. First public release date is first of either specification publishing or source releasing, or in the case of closed-specification, closed-source codecs ...

  7. Comparison of data-serialization formats - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_data...

    (Signature strings) Yes — Efficient XML Interchange (EXI) W3C: XML, Efficient XML Yes Efficient XML Interchange (EXI) Format 1.0: Yes XML: XPointer, XPath: XML Schema: DOM, SAX, StAX, XQuery, XPath — Extensible Data Notation (edn) Rich Hickey / Clojure community Clojure: Yes Official edn spec: No Yes No No Clojure, Ruby, Go, C++, Javascript ...

  8. Canonical Huffman code - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canonical_Huffman_code

    For the example mentioned above, the encoding becomes: (1,1,2), ('B','A','C','D') This means that the first symbol B is of length 1, then the A of length 2, and remaining 2 symbols (C and D) of length 3. Since the symbols are sorted by bit-length, we can efficiently reconstruct the codebook.

  9. Sub-band coding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub-band_coding

    A classic method is nonlinear PCM, such as the μ-law algorithm. Small signals are digitized with finer granularity than are large ones; the effect is to add noise that is proportional to the signal strength. Sun's Au file format for sound is a popular example of mu-law encoding. Using 8-bit mu-law encoding would cut the per-channel bitrate of ...