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The tuyeres are used to implement a hot blast, which is used to increase the efficiency of the blast furnace. The hot blast is directed into the furnace through water-cooled copper nozzles called tuyeres near the base. The hot blast temperature can be from 900 to 1,300 °C (1,650 to 2,370 °F) depending on the stove design and condition.
Hot blast allowed the use of anthracite in iron smelting. It also allowed use of lower quality coal because less fuel meant proportionately less sulfur and ash. [11]At the time the process was invented, good coking coal was only available in sufficient quantities in Great Britain and western Germany, [12] so iron furnaces in the US were using charcoal.
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The design of water jacket furnaces differ from the conventional blast furnaces used for smelting iron ore, which use a hot blast. Water jacket furnaces typically used a cold air blast, typically provided by a positive-displacement blower, such as a Roots blower. Preheating of the air blast was used on some water jacket furnaces. [15]
The furnace remained in use until the 19th century and now forms part of the Ironbridge Gorge Museum Trust's Museum of Iron. IGMT: Madeley Wood or Bedlam: Two blast furnaces standing beside the road near river Severn, built in 1756 by Madeley Wood Company, and taken over by the Coalbrookdale Company in 1776. Further furnaces were built in the ...
The Duddon company built the furnace at Argyll or Craleckan furnace in 1755. [28] Craleckan furnace closed in 1813 but Duddon Furnace was bought by Harrison Ainslie in 1828. It worked until 1867, but according to one source, [ 25 ] there was a final campaign in 1873 while Newland was under conversion to hot blast.
The Wundowie charcoal iron and wood distillation plant manufactured pig iron between 1948 and 1981 and wood distillation products between 1950 and 1977, at Wundowie, Western Australia. Originally a state-owned enterprise , it seems not to have been incorporated as a company, during the time it was known as the Charcoal Iron and Steel Industry .
He added a second 'stove' to the blast furnace—providing redundancy and allowing a continuous hot-blast to be applied—and converted the old furnace to a closed-top design—allowing the off-gases to be used as a fuel. A downcomer was added and the off-gases carried through it could be used to fuel the boilers and the hot-blast.
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