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In the mathematical field of graph theory, the ladder graph L n is a planar, undirected graph with 2n vertices and 3n – 2 edges. [ 1 ] The ladder graph can be obtained as the Cartesian product of two path graphs , one of which has only one edge: L n ,1 = P n × P 2 .
The ladder frame is for a person sitting on the front of the ladder, with x ′ and t ′ being the ladder space and time axes respectively. The blue and red lines, AB and AC, depict the ladder at the time when its front end meets the garage's exit door, in the frame of reference of the garage and the ladder, respectively.
The problem for graphs is NP-complete if the edge lengths are assumed integers. The problem for points on the plane is NP-complete with the discretized Euclidean metric and rectilinear metric. The problem is known to be NP-hard with the (non-discretized) Euclidean metric. [3]: ND22, ND23
In geometry, a tractrix (from Latin trahere 'to pull, drag'; plural: tractrices) is the curve along which an object moves, under the influence of friction, when pulled on a horizontal plane by a line segment attached to a pulling point (the tractor) that moves at a right angle to the initial line between the object and the puller at an ...
Many mathematical problems have been stated but not yet solved. These problems come from many areas of mathematics, such as theoretical physics, computer science, algebra, analysis, combinatorics, algebraic, differential, discrete and Euclidean geometries, graph theory, group theory, model theory, number theory, set theory, Ramsey theory, dynamical systems, and partial differential equations.
Tribology is the science and engineering of understanding friction, lubrication and wear phenomena for interacting surfaces in relative motion.It is highly interdisciplinary, drawing on many academic fields, including physics, chemistry, materials science, mathematics, biology and engineering. [1]
The House Ethics Committee secretly voted earlier this month to release its report into the conduct of former Rep. Matt Gaetz before the end of this Congress, according to multiple sources with ...
Classical results for a true frictional contact problem concern the papers by F.W. Carter (1926) and H. Fromm (1927). They independently presented the creep versus creep force relation for a cylinder on a plane or for two cylinders in steady rolling contact using Coulomb’s dry friction law (see below). [5]