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  2. Solvay process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvay_process

    The Solvay process or ammonia–soda process is the major industrial process for the production of sodium carbonate (soda ash, Na 2 CO 3).The ammonia–soda process was developed into its modern form by the Belgian chemist Ernest Solvay during the 1860s. [1]

  3. Sodium carbonate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_carbonate

    The soda ash is extracted from the black ash with water. Evaporation of this extract yields solid sodium carbonate. This extraction process was termed lixiviating. The hydrochloric acid produced by the Leblanc process was a major source of air pollution, and the calcium sulfide byproduct also presented waste disposal issues. However, it ...

  4. Trona - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trona

    Trona (trisodium hydrogendicarbonate dihydrate, also sodium sesquicarbonate dihydrate, Na 2 CO 3 ·NaHCO 3 ·2H 2 O) is a non-marine evaporite mineral. [4] [6] It is mined as the primary source of sodium carbonate in the United States, where it has replaced the Solvay process used in most of the rest of the world for sodium carbonate production.

  5. Leblanc process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leblanc_process

    In the second stage, is the reaction to produce sodium carbonate and calcium sulfide. This mixture is called black ash. [citation needed] Na 2 S + CaCO 3 → Na 2 CO 3 + CaS. The soda ash is extracted from the black ash with water. Evaporation of this extract yields solid sodium carbonate. This extraction process was termed lixiviation ...

  6. Brine mining - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brine_mining

    Brine mining is the extraction of useful materials (chemical elements or compounds) which are naturally dissolved in brine.The brine may be seawater, other surface water, groundwater, or hyper-saline solutions from several industries (e.g., textile industries). [1]

  7. Acid–base extraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid–base_extraction

    Acid–base extraction is a subclass of liquid–liquid extractions and involves the separation of chemical species from other acidic or basic compounds. [1] It is typically performed during the work-up step following a chemical synthesis to purify crude compounds [2] and results in the product being largely free of acidic or basic impurities.

  8. Alkali manufacture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_manufacture

    The sodium sulfate is afterwards fired with calcium carbonate and coal. Sodium carbonate can be extracted from this mixture by washing the mixture with water. [2] Until the rise of the ammonia-soda process, which has better economics, the Leblanc process was used extensively making the United Kingdom the lead in alkali production. By the early ...

  9. Liquid–liquid extraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid–liquid_extraction

    A separatory funnel used for liquid–liquid extraction, as evident by the two immiscible liquids.. Liquid–liquid extraction, also known as solvent extraction and partitioning, is a method to separate compounds or metal complexes, based on their relative solubilities in two different immiscible liquids, usually water (polar) and an organic solvent (non-polar).