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  2. Countercurrent exchange - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countercurrent_exchange

    Counter Current Decantation (CCD) is used in some facilities to extract water, totally clear of Uranium. Exchange current decantation depicted in centrifugal extractors as 1st stage Zippe-type centrifuges use countercurrent multiplication between rising and falling convection currents to reduce the number of stages needed in a cascade.

  3. Countercurrent distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countercurrent_distribution

    Countercurrent distribution is a separation process that is founded on the principles of liquid–liquid extraction where a chemical compound is distributed (partitioned) between two immiscible liquid phases (oil and water for example) according to its relative solubility in the two phases.

  4. Merrill–Crowe process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merrill–Crowe_process

    The solution is separated from the ore by methods such as filtration (e.g. vertical leaf type clarifier filters) and counter current decantation (CCD). Afterwards a very clear solution is achieved by using pre-coated filters applying diatomaceous earth. Oxygen is then removed by passing the solution through a vacuum de-aeration column.

  5. Mixer-settler - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixer-settler

    4 stage battery of mixer-settlers for counter-current extraction. Industrial mixer settlers are commonly used in the copper, nickel, uranium, lanthanide, and cobalt hydrometallurgy industries, when solvent extraction processes are applied. They are also used in the Nuclear reprocessing field to separate and purify primarily Uranium and ...

  6. Centrifugal extractor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal_extractor

    The number of stages needed in each section of the process would depend on process design requirements (necessary extraction factor). In the case in Fig. 6, four interconnected stages provide a continuous process in which the first stage is a decanting stage. The next two stages show a counter current extraction.

  7. Decantation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decantation

    Decanting a liquid from a solid. Decantation is a process for the separation of mixtures of immiscible liquids or of a liquid and a solid mixture such as a suspension. [1] The layer closer to the top of the container—the less dense of the two liquids, or the liquid from which the precipitate or sediment has settled out—is poured off, leaving denser liquid or the solid behind.

  8. The Devastating Consequences Of A 'Small' Rise In Global ...

    data.huffingtonpost.com/2015/11/two-degrees-will...

    World leaders are meeting in Paris this month in what amounts to a last-ditch effort to avert the worst ravages of climate change. Climatologists now say that the best case scenario — assuming immediate and dramatic emissions curbs — is that planetary surface temperatures will increase by at least 2 degrees Celsius in the coming decades.

  9. Countercurrent chromatography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countercurrent_chromatography

    A high-performance countercurrent chromatography system. Countercurrent chromatography (CCC, also counter-current chromatography) is a form of liquid–liquid chromatography that uses a liquid stationary phase that is held in place by inertia of the molecules composing the stationary phase accelerating toward the center of a centrifuge due to centripetal force [1] and is used to separate ...