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Neu is so named because it was derived from a rodent glioblastoma cell line, a type of neural tumor. ErbB-2 was named for its similarity to ErbB (avian erythroblastosis oncogene B), the oncogene later found to code for EGFR. Molecular cloning of the gene showed that HER2, Neu, and ErbB-2 are all encoded by the same orthologs. [10]
The prognosis of the most common form of invasive carcinoma NST is intermediate. Regardless of the histological subtype, the prognosis of IDC depends also on tumor size, presence of cancer in the lymph nodes, histological grade, presence of cancer in small vessels (vascular invasion), expression of hormone receptors and of oncogenes like HER2/neu.
The fixed-dose combination of pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and hyaluronidase was approved for medical use in the United States in June 2020. [5] [10]The FDA's approval was based on the results of a non-inferiority study in participants with HER2-positive early breast cancer, which demonstrated the fixed-dose combination of pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and hyaluronidase had comparable efficacy and ...
The HER2 gene (also known as HER2/neu and ErbB2 gene) is amplified in 20–30% of early-stage breast cancers. [43] Trastuzumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting HER2, inducing an immune-mediated response that causes internalization and recycling of HER2. It may also upregulate cell cycle inhibitors such as p21 Waf1 and p27 Kip1. [57]
Pertuzumab is administered as an intravenous infusion in combination with trastuzumab and docetaxel as a first line treatment for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. [4] [3] It is also used in the same combination as a neoadjuvant (given to reduce the size of a tumor, prior to surgery or radiation) for HER2-positive early breast cancer; as of 2016 this use had not been shown to increase ...
ERBB2/HER2-amplified: has overexpressed HER2/neu [40] Normal breast-like [ 39 ] [ 46 ] [ 49 ] Claudin -low: a more recently described class; often triple-negative, but distinct in that there is low expression of cell-cell junction proteins [ 48 ] including E-cadherin [ 48 ] and frequently there is infiltration with lymphocytes .
Of these, HER2/neu (also known as Erb-B2) was the first to be developed. The molecule is highly expressed in a variety of cancer cell types, most notably breast cancer. As such, antibodies against HER2/neu have been FDA approved for clinical treatment of cancer under the drug name Herceptin.
A complete blood count and serum electrolyte test is usually obtained; [59] when an ovarian cancer is present, these tests often show a high number of platelets (20–25% of patients) and low blood sodium levels due to chemical signals secreted by the tumor. [29] A positive test for inhibin A and inhibin B can indicate a granulosa cell tumor. [31]