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2. Separatory funnel - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separatory_funnel

   A separatory funnel, also known as a separation funnel, separating funnel, or colloquially sep funnel, is a piece of laboratory glassware used in liquid-liquid extractions to separate (partition) the components of a mixture into two immiscible solvent phases of different densities. [1]

3. Countercurrent distribution - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countercurrent_distribution

   The simplest form of liquid-liquid extraction is the partitioning of a mixture of compounds between two immiscible liquid phases in a separatory funnel. [2] This occurs in five steps: 1) preparation of the separatory funnel with the two phase solvent system, 2) introduction of the compound mixture into the separatory funnel, 3) vigorous shaking ...

4. Liquid–liquid extraction - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid–liquid_extraction

   A separatory funnel used for liquid–liquid extraction, as evident by the two immiscible liquids.. Liquid–liquid extraction, also known as solvent extraction and partitioning, is a method to separate compounds or metal complexes, based on their relative solubilities in two different immiscible liquids, usually water (polar) and an organic solvent (non-polar).

5. Acid–base extraction - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid–base_extraction

   Acid–base extraction is a subclass of liquid–liquid extractions and involves the separation of chemical species from other acidic or basic compounds. [1] It is typically performed during the work-up step following a chemical synthesis to purify crude compounds [2] and results in the product being largely free of acidic or basic impurities.

6. Extraction (chemistry) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraction_(chemistry)

   Laboratory-scale liquid-liquid extraction. Photograph of a separatory funnel in a laboratory scale extraction of 2 immiscible liquids: liquids are a diethyl ether upper phase, and a lower aqueous phase. Soxhlet extractor. Extraction in chemistry is a separation process consisting of the separation of a substance from a matrix. The distribution ...

7. Decantation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decantation

   This separation can be done by pouring oil out of the container, leaving water behind. [2] Generally, this technique gives an incomplete separation as it is difficult to pour off all of the top layer without pouring out some parts of the bottom layer. A separatory funnel is an alternative apparatus for separating liquid layers. [2]