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In information theory, the Hamming distance between two strings or vectors of equal length is the number of positions at which the corresponding symbols are different. In other words, it measures the minimum number of substitutions required to change one string into the other, or equivalently, the minimum number of errors that could have transformed one string into the other.
Other conventions are less common: Common Lisp and Macsyma/Maxima use Basic-like operators for numerical values, except for inequality, which is /= in Common Lisp and # in Macsyma/Maxima. Common Lisp has multiple other sets of equality and relational operators serving different purposes, including eq, eql, equal, equalp, and string=. [6]
Less than A<B: Comparison: 1 if true, 0 if false U+003C < LESS-THAN SIGN: Less than or equal A≤B: Comparison: 1 if true, 0 if false U+2264 ≤ LESS-THAN OR EQUAL TO: Equal: A=B: Comparison: 1 if true, 0 if false U+003D = EQUALS SIGN: Greater than or equal A≥B: Comparison: 1 if true, 0 if false U+2265 ≥ GREATER-THAN OR EQUAL TO: Greater ...
The language guarantees that any two true values will compare equal (which was impossible to achieve before the introduction of the type). Boolean values still behave as integers, can be stored in integer variables, and used anywhere integers would be valid, including in indexing, arithmetic, parsing, and formatting.
Python supports a wide variety of string operations. Strings in Python are immutable, so a string operation such as a substitution of characters, that in other programming languages might alter the string in place, returns a new string in Python. Performance considerations sometimes push for using special techniques in programs that modify ...
Compares two strings to each other. If they are equivalent, a zero is returned. Otherwise, most of these routines will return a positive or negative result corresponding to whether string 1 is lexicographically greater than, or less than, respectively, than string 2. The exceptions are the Scheme and Rexx routines which return the index of the ...
Python uses the + operator for string concatenation. Python uses the * operator for duplicating a string a specified number of times. The @ infix operator is intended to be used by libraries such as NumPy for matrix multiplication. [104] [105] The syntax :=, called the "walrus operator", was introduced in Python 3.8. It assigns values to ...
A predicate is a function that returns a Boolean value. The most fundamental predicate is ISZERO, which returns TRUE if its argument is the Church numeral 0, but FALSE if its argument were any other Church numeral: ISZERO := λn.n (λx.FALSE) TRUE. The following predicate tests whether the first argument is less-than-or-equal-to the second: