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The trihydrogen cation or protonated molecular hydrogen (IUPAC name: hydrogenonium ion) is a cation (positive ion) with formula H + 3, consisting of three hydrogen nuclei sharing two electrons. The trihydrogen cation is one of the most abundant ions in the universe.
The electronic state for a trihydrogen cation with an electron delocalized around it is a Rydberg state. [6] The outer electron can be boosted to high Rydberg state, and can ionise if the energy gets to 29562.6 cm −1 above the 2pA 2" state, in which case H + 3 forms. [7]
The charge number equals the electric charge (q, in coulombs) divided by the elementary charge: z = q/e. Atomic numbers (Z) are a special case of charge numbers, referring to the charge number of an atomic nucleus, as opposed to the net charge of an atom or ion. The charge numbers for ions (and also subatomic particles) are written in ...
Zundel cation. A hydrogen atom is made up of a nucleus with charge +1, and a single electron. Therefore, the only positively charged ion possible has charge +1. It is noted H +. Depending on the isotope in question, the hydrogen cation has different names: Hydron: general name referring to the positive ion of any hydrogen isotope (H +)
Triatomic hydrogen (H 3), an unstable molecule; Trihydrogen cation (H + 3), one of the most abundant ions in the universe; Tritium (3 H), or hydrogen-3, an isotope of hydrogen; ATC code H03 Thyroid therapy, a subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System
The two electrons go into the bonding orbital, resulting in a net bonding effect and constituting a chemical bond among all three atoms. In many common bonds of this type, the bonding orbital is shifted towards two of the three atoms instead of being spread equally among all three. Example molecules with 3c–2e bonds are the trihydrogen cation ...
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Other oxonium ions are found when water is in acidic solution with other solvents. [20] Although exotic on Earth, one of the most common ions in the universe is the H + 3 ion, known as protonated molecular hydrogen or the trihydrogen cation. [21]