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The trihydrogen cation or protonated molecular hydrogen (IUPAC name: hydrogenonium ion) is a cation (positive ion) with formula H + 3, consisting of three hydrogen nuclei sharing two electrons. The trihydrogen cation is one of the most abundant ions in the universe.
The electronic state for a trihydrogen cation with an electron delocalized around it is a Rydberg state. [6] The outer electron can be boosted to high Rydberg state, and can ionise if the energy gets to 29562.6 cm −1 above the 2pA 2" state, in which case H + 3 forms. [7]
Triatomic hydrogen (H 3), an unstable molecule; Trihydrogen cation (H + 3), one of the most abundant ions in the universe; Tritium (3 H), or hydrogen-3, an isotope of hydrogen; ATC code H03 Thyroid therapy, a subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System
Ozone, O 3 Trihydrogen cation, H 3 + Homonuclear triatomic molecules contain three of the same kind of atom. That molecule will be an allotrope of that element. Ozone, O 3 is an example of a triatomic molecule with all atoms the same. Triatomic hydrogen, H 3, is unstable and breaks up spontaneously.
A hydrogen atom is made up of a nucleus with charge +1, and a single electron. Therefore, the only positively charged ion possible has charge +1. It is noted H +. Depending on the isotope in question, the hydrogen cation has different names: Hydron: general name referring to the positive ion of any hydrogen isotope (H +)
The two electrons go into the bonding orbital, resulting in a net bonding effect and constituting a chemical bond among all three atoms. In many common bonds of this type, the bonding orbital is shifted towards two of the three atoms instead of being spread equally among all three. Example molecules with 3c–2e bonds are the trihydrogen cation ...
Water molecules have two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. While H 2 is not very reactive under standard conditions, it does form compounds with most elements. Hydrogen can form compounds with elements that are more electronegative, such as halogens (F, Cl, Br, I), or oxygen; in these compounds hydrogen takes on a partial positive charge. [1]
A hydrogen molecular ion cluster or hydrogen cluster ion is a positively charged cluster of hydrogen molecules. The hydrogen molecular ion (H + 2) and trihydrogen ion (H + 3) are well defined molecular species. However hydrogen also forms singly charged clusters (H + n) with n up to 120.