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Modern research has gathered considerable amounts of evidence that support the theory that pain is not only a physical phenomenon but rather a biopsychosocial phenomenon, encompassing culture, nociceptive stimuli, and the environment in the experience and perception of pain. For example, the Sun Dance is a ritual performed by traditional groups ...
Following the chief complaint in medical history taking, a history of the present illness (abbreviated HPI) [1] (termed history of presenting complaint (HPC) in the UK) refers to a detailed interview prompted by the chief complaint or presenting symptom (for example, pain).
Most pain resolves once the noxious stimulus is removed and the body has healed, but it may persist despite removal of the stimulus and apparent healing of the body. Sometimes pain arises in the absence of any detectable stimulus, damage or disease. [3] Pain is the most common reason for physician consultation in most developed countries.
“It is hoped that objective measures of pain, rather than just things [like] a 0-10 scale, could reinforce that people are in pain, what type of pain they have and suggest potential treatments ...
Martian pain is, to him, pain which occupies the same causal role as our pain, but has a very different physical realization (e.g. the Martian feels pain due to the activation of an elaborate internal hydraulic system rather than, for example, the firing of C-fibers). Both of these phenomena, Lewis claims, are pain, and must be accounted for in ...
The book examines the history of the Sackler family, including the founding of Purdue Pharma, its role in the marketing of pharmaceuticals, and the family's central role in the opioid epidemic. [1] [2] [3] The book followed Keefe's 2017 article on the Sackler family in The New Yorker, titled "The Family That Built an Empire of Pain". [4] [5]
Historical trauma, and its manifestations, are seen as an example of transgenerational trauma (though the existence of transgenerational trauma itself is disputed). For example, a pattern of paternal abandonment of a child might be seen across three generations, [2] or the actions of an abusive parent might be seen in continued abuse across ...
Avicenna notes the relationship between gastric pain and mealtimes. [1] 1586 Marcellus Donatus of Mantua performs autopsies and describes gastric ulcers. [2] 1688 Johannes von Murault observes duodenal ulcers. [2] 1728 Stahl hypothesizes that some fevers are related to gastric inflammation and ulceration. [1] 1761 Pain is associated with ...