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A branch, jump or transfer is an instruction in a computer program that can cause a computer to begin executing a different instruction sequence and thus deviate from its default behavior of executing instructions in order. [a] Branch (or branching, branched) may also refer to the act of switching execution to a different instruction sequence ...
Since the branch itself will generally not be the last instruction in an aligned group, instructions after the taken branch (or its delay slot) will be discarded. Once again, assuming a uniform distribution of branch instruction placements, 0.5, 1.5, and 3.5 instructions fetched are discarded.
In computer engineering, instruction pipelining is a technique for implementing instruction-level parallelism within a single processor. Pipelining attempts to keep every part of the processor busy with some instruction by dividing incoming instructions into a series of sequential steps (the eponymous "pipeline") performed by different processor units with different parts of instructions ...
C = A+B needs four instructions. 3-operand, allowing better reuse of data: [11] CISC — It becomes either a single instruction: add a,b,c. C = A+B needs one instruction. CISC — Or, on machines limited to two memory operands per instruction, move a,reg1; add reg1,b,c; C = A+B needs two instructions.
In this feature, branch conditions are converted to predicate registers which are used to kill results of executed instructions from the side of the branch which is not taken. Delayed exceptions, using a not a thing bit within the general purpose registers, allow speculative execution past possible exceptions.
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An instruction set architecture (ISA) is an abstract model of a computer, also referred to as computer architecture.A realization of an ISA is called an implementation.An ISA permits multiple implementations that may vary in performance, physical size, and monetary cost (among other things); because the ISA serves as the interface between software and hardware.
This adds a few new instructions (skip on byte without inc/decrement, subtract immediate with carry, ROM read with address increment), but also adds 2-word "long" variants of all memory instructions. When bit 15 of the opcode is set, it indicates that the 8-bit operand address in opcode bits 0–6 and 14 is extended to 16 bits using bits 0–7 ...