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Upper groundwater aquifer and most of Artesian aquifers were damaged in first place due to massive surface contamination with radioactive isotopes Strontium-90 and Cesium-137. At the same time, considerable levels of radioactive content were fixed on the periphery of exclusion zone, including part of potable water delivery system.
While soil naturally absorbs the caesium in groundwater, strontium and tritium can flow through more freely. [27] At one time, nearly 400 tonnes of radioactive water was being formed every day (150,000 tonnes per year).
A sample of groundwater from another well situated about 100 meters south of the first well showed that the radioactivity had risen by 18 times over the course of 4 days, with 1.7 kBq/L of strontium and other radioactive substances. [49]
Most of the waste was manure, contaminated with radioactive strontium-90. ... from contaminated buildings and groundwater to leaky storage tanks holding radioactive waste.
The primary releases of radioactive nuclides have been iodine and caesium; [65] [66] strontium [67] and plutonium [68] [69] have also been found. These elements have been released into the air via steam; [70] and into the water leaking into groundwater [71] or the ocean. [72]
In groundwater strontium behaves chemically much like calcium. At intermediate to acidic pH Sr 2+ is the dominant strontium species. In the presence of calcium ions, strontium commonly forms coprecipitates with calcium minerals such as calcite and anhydrite at an increased pH.
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In 2008 it conducted a study that found radiation, then publicly documented for the first time in 2023 the detection of radiation involving levels of radium-226 and strontium-90.