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2-Chlorobutane can be synthesized through the addition of hydrochloric acid to 2-butene in the following reaction: The reaction is two-step, with the pi electrons attacking the chloride hydrogen, which forms a chloride nucleophile. In the second step, the nucleophile attacks the carbocation generated in the first step.
ch 2 =ch 2 + 2 hcl + 1 ⁄ 2 o 2 → clch 2 ch 2 cl + h 2 o. Secondary and tertiary alcohols react with hydrogen chloride to give the corresponding chlorides. In the laboratory, the related reaction involving zinc chloride in concentrated hydrochloric acid :
(ch 3) 3 coh + hcl → (ch 3) 3 ccl + h 2 o Because tert -butanol is a tertiary alcohol, the relative stability of the tert -butyl carbocation in the step 2 allows the S N 1 mechanism to be followed, whereas a primary alcohol would follow an S N 2 mechanism.
This results in S N 1 reactions usually occurring on atoms with at least two carbons bonded to them. [2] A more detailed explanation of this can be found in the main SN1 reaction page. S N 2 reaction mechanism. The S N 2 mechanism has just one step. The attack of the reagent and the expulsion of the leaving group happen simultaneously.
Hydrochloric acid, also known as muriatic acid or spirits of salt, is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl). It is a colorless solution with a distinctive pungent smell. It is classified as a strong acid. It is a component of the gastric acid in the digestive systems of most animal species, including humans.
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The systematic IUPAC name is not always the preferred IUPAC name, for example, lactic acid is a common, and also the preferred, name for what systematic rules call 2-hydroxypropanoic acid. This list is ordered by the number of carbon atoms in a carboxylic acid.
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