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Medieval stained glass is the colored and painted glass of medieval Europe from the 10th century to the 16th century. For much of this period stained glass windows were the major pictorial art form, particularly in northern France, Germany and England, where windows tended to be larger than in southern Europe (in Italy, for example, frescos were more common).
The monk Theophilus Presbyter described glass-production in minute detail early in the 12th century in his treatise Schedula diversum artium - the glass-painter was to trace the composition of a window on a panel of bleached wood, before cutting the glass sections on it and finally painting and assembling them.
In the Stained Glass Museum at Ely is a design for a three light stained glass window for St Matthew's Church, Surbiton. The centre light shows the Virgin Mary and the Jesus Child. The outer lights shows angels, one holds a spear pointed at the large serpent which appears at the bottom of the three lights. This was executed in around 1920.
The term stained glass is also applied enamelled glass in which the colors have been painted onto the glass and then fused to the glass in a kiln. Stained glass, as an art and a craft, requires the artistic skill to conceive an appropriate and workable design, and the engineering skills to assemble the piece. A window must fit snugly into the ...
Opalescent glass. The term "opalescent glass" is commonly used to describe glass where more than one color is present, being fused during the manufacture, as against flashed glass in which two colors may be laminated, or silver stained glass where a solution of silver nitrate is superficially applied, turning red glass to orange and blue glass to green.
Detail of Madonna and Child at Church of the Assumption, Bride Street, in Wexford, Ireland. Harry Clarke (1889–1931) was an Irish stained-glass artist and book illustrator.He produced more than 130 stained glass windows, he and his brother Walter having taken over his father's studio after his death in 1921. [1]
The molten glass was poured into a mold of wood or stone to make a sheet of glass. The texture of the mold material would be picked up by the glass. By the time stained glass was being made, the glassblowing pipe was in common use, so hand-blown (or mouth-blown) sheets were made by the cylinder glass and/or crown glass method.
The most well-preserved set of medieval stained glass windows however, is that of Lye Church; it is the most well-preserved set of medieval stained glass in the Nordic countries. [ 40 ] [ 41 ] [ 42 ] The style of these windows may have been influenced by English or northern German (possibly Lübeck ) contemporary art.
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