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After a period of service as a priest, members of the Society of Jesus—referred to as Jesuits—can be allowed to take a fourth vow of obedience to the pope with regard to the missions.
Jesuit formation, or the training of Jesuits, is the process by which candidates are prepared for ordination or brotherly service in the Society of Jesus, the world's largest male Catholic religious order. The process is based on the Constitution of the Society of Jesus written by Ignatius of Loyola and approved in 1550. There are various ...
During this time, the Jesuit in formation, called a "tertian", will undertake an apostolic placement of teaching or service. The tertian will also return to study the history and foundational documents of the Society, study of ascetical theology, [3] and undergo a thirty-day silent retreat based on the Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius of Loyola. [4]
The term Jesuit (of 15th-century origin, meaning "one who used too frequently or appropriated the name of Jesus") was first applied to the society in reproach (1544–1552). [26] The term was never used by Ignatius of Loyola, but over time, members and friends of the society adopted the name with a positive meaning. [16]
"Black Pope" is an unofficial designation given to the position of Superior General of the Order of the Jesuits. [2] The name follows from his leadership of the largest Catholic, male religious order [ 3 ] and from the colour of the plain black cassock worn by members of the Society, including the Superior General. [ 4 ]
Cardinal Fleury was chief minister from 1726 until his death in 1743, at which time the king took sole control of the kingdom. His reign of almost 59 years (from 1715 to 1774) was the second longest in the history of France, exceeded only by his predecessor, Louis XIV, who had ruled for 72 years (from 1643 to 1715). [ 2 ]
Members of the Jesuit delegation to China were perhaps the most influential Christian missionaries in that country between the earliest period of the religion up until the 19th century, when significant numbers of Catholic and Protestant missions developed. A map of the 200-odd Jesuit churches and missions established across China c. 1687.
Map of New France (Champlain, 1612). Jesuit missions in North America were attempted in the late 16th century, established early in the 17th century, faltered at the beginning of the 18th, disappeared during the suppression of the Society of Jesus around 1763, and returned around 1830 after the restoration of the Society.